The Interplay of Non-coding RNAs and X Chromosome Inactivation in Human Disease

TY - CHAP

T1 - The Interplay of Non-coding RNAs and X Chromosome Inactivation in Human Disease

AU - Russo, Francesco

AU - De Masi, Federico

AU - Brunak, Søren

AU - Belling, Kirstine G

PY - 2018

Y1 - 2018

N2 - Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent key molecular players in biological processes and human disease. Several ncRNA types have been discovered including microRNAs (miRNAs) of around 23 nucleotides and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are above 200 nucleotides in length. One of the first functional ncRNAs discovered was the lncRNA named X inactive specific transcript (XIST). XIST is the main actor in a fundamental process called X chromosome inactivation (XCI) where, in females, one of the two X chromosomes is silenced to balance the extra gene expression dosage. In this book chapter, we present the emerging evidence for the importance of XCI in diseases such as gastric and bladder cancer and genetic pathologies such as Klinefelter (47,XXY) and Turner (45,X0) syndromes. Furthermore, a new role for the crosstalk between XIST and miRNAs is discussed. Finally, new evidence for sex bias of XCI in human tissues and development of cancer is presented.

AB - Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent key molecular players in biological processes and human disease. Several ncRNA types have been discovered including microRNAs (miRNAs) of around 23 nucleotides and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are above 200 nucleotides in length. One of the first functional ncRNAs discovered was the lncRNA named X inactive specific transcript (XIST). XIST is the main actor in a fundamental process called X chromosome inactivation (XCI) where, in females, one of the two X chromosomes is silenced to balance the extra gene expression dosage. In this book chapter, we present the emerging evidence for the importance of XCI in diseases such as gastric and bladder cancer and genetic pathologies such as Klinefelter (47,XXY) and Turner (45,X0) syndromes. Furthermore, a new role for the crosstalk between XIST and miRNAs is discussed. Finally, new evidence for sex bias of XCI in human tissues and development of cancer is presented.

U2 - 10.1007/978-3-319-92967-5_11

DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-92967-5_11

M3 - Book chapter

SN - 978-3-319-92966-8

T3 - RNA Technologies

SP - 229

EP - 238

BT - Systems Biology

A2 - Rajewsky, Nikolaus

A2 - Jurga, Stefan

A2 - Barciszewski, Jan

PB - Springer

ER -