Sympathetic neural adaptation to hypocaloric diet with or without exercise training in obese metabolic syndrome subjects

TY - JOUR

T1 - Sympathetic neural adaptation to hypocaloric diet with or without exercise training in obese metabolic syndrome subjects

AU - Straznicky, Nora E

AU - Lambert, Elisabeth A

AU - Nestel, Paul J

AU - McGrane, Mariee T

AU - Dawood, Tye

AU - Schlaich, Markus P

AU - Masuo, Kazuko

AU - Eikelis, Nina

AU - de Courten, Barbora

AU - Mariani, Justin A

AU - Esler, Murray D

AU - Socratous, Florentia

AU - Chopra, Reena

AU - Sari, Carolina I

AU - Paul, Eldho

AU - Lambert, Gavin W

PY - 2010/1/1

Y1 - 2010/1/1

N2 - OBJECTIVE - Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) overactivity contributes to the pathogenesis and target organ complications of obesity. This study was conducted to examine the effects of lifestyle interventions (weight loss alone or together with exercise) on SNS function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Untreated men and women (mean age 55 ± 1 year; BMI 32.3 ± 0.5 kg/m2) who fulfilled Adult Treatment Panel III metabolic syndrome criteria were randomly allocated to either dietary weight loss (WL, n = 20), dietary weight loss and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (WL+EX, n = 20), or no treatment (control, n = 19). Whole-body norepinephrine kinetics, muscle sympathetic nerve activity by microneurography, baroreflex sensitivity, fitness (maximal oxygen consumption), metabolic, and anthropometric measurements were made at baseline and 12 weeks. RESULTS - Body weight decreased by -7.1 ± 0.6 and -8.4 ± 1.0 kg in the WL and WL+EX groups, respectively (both P < 0.001). Fitness increased by 19 ± 4% (P < 0.001) in the WL+EX group only. Resting SNS activity decreased similarly in the WL and WL+EX groups: norepinephrine spillover by -96 ± 30 and -101 ± 34 ng/min (both P < 0.01) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity by -12 ± 6 and -19 ± 4 bursts/100 heart beats, respectively (both P < 0.01), but remained unchanged in control subjects. Blood pressure, baroreflex sensitivity, and metabolic parameters improved significantly and similarly in the two lifestyle intervention groups. CONCLUSIONS - The addition of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training to a weight loss program does not confer additional benefits on resting SNS activity. This suggests that weight loss is the prime mover in sympathetic neural adaptation to a hypocaloric diet.

AB - OBJECTIVE - Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) overactivity contributes to the pathogenesis and target organ complications of obesity. This study was conducted to examine the effects of lifestyle interventions (weight loss alone or together with exercise) on SNS function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Untreated men and women (mean age 55 ± 1 year; BMI 32.3 ± 0.5 kg/m2) who fulfilled Adult Treatment Panel III metabolic syndrome criteria were randomly allocated to either dietary weight loss (WL, n = 20), dietary weight loss and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (WL+EX, n = 20), or no treatment (control, n = 19). Whole-body norepinephrine kinetics, muscle sympathetic nerve activity by microneurography, baroreflex sensitivity, fitness (maximal oxygen consumption), metabolic, and anthropometric measurements were made at baseline and 12 weeks. RESULTS - Body weight decreased by -7.1 ± 0.6 and -8.4 ± 1.0 kg in the WL and WL+EX groups, respectively (both P < 0.001). Fitness increased by 19 ± 4% (P < 0.001) in the WL+EX group only. Resting SNS activity decreased similarly in the WL and WL+EX groups: norepinephrine spillover by -96 ± 30 and -101 ± 34 ng/min (both P < 0.01) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity by -12 ± 6 and -19 ± 4 bursts/100 heart beats, respectively (both P < 0.01), but remained unchanged in control subjects. Blood pressure, baroreflex sensitivity, and metabolic parameters improved significantly and similarly in the two lifestyle intervention groups. CONCLUSIONS - The addition of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training to a weight loss program does not confer additional benefits on resting SNS activity. This suggests that weight loss is the prime mover in sympathetic neural adaptation to a hypocaloric diet.

KW - Acclimatization

KW - Aerobiosis

KW - Blood Pressure

KW - Body Size

KW - Body Weight

KW - Diet, Reducing

KW - Exercise

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Life Style

KW - Male

KW - Metabolic Syndrome X

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Muscle, Skeletal

KW - Norepinephrine

KW - Obesity

KW - Sympathetic Nervous System

KW - Treatment Outcome

U2 - 10.2337/db09-0934

DO - 10.2337/db09-0934

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 19833893

SN - 0012-1797

VL - 59

SP - 71

EP - 79

JO - Diabetes

JF - Diabetes

IS - 1

ER -