TY - JOUR
T1 - Surgical simulation
T2 - Current practices and future perspectives for technical skills training
AU - Bjerrum, Flemming
AU - Thomsen, Ann Sofia Skou
AU - Nayahangan, Leizl Joy
AU - Konge, Lars
PY - 2018/7/3
Y1 - 2018/7/3
N2 - Simulation-based training (SBT) has become a standard component of modern surgical education, yet successful implementation of evidence-based training programs remains challenging. In this narrative review, we use Kern's framework for curriculum development to describe where we are now and what lies ahead for SBT within surgery with a focus on technical skills in operative procedures. Despite principles for optimal SBT (proficiency-based, distributed, and deliberate practice) having been identified, massed training with fixed time intervals or a fixed number of repetitions is still being extensively used, and simulators are generally underutilized. SBT should be part of surgical training curricula, including theoretical, technical, and non-technical skills, and be based on relevant needs assessments. Furthermore, training should follow evidence-based theoretical principles for optimal training, and the effect of training needs to be evaluated using relevant outcomes. There is a larger, still unrealized potential of surgical SBT, which may be realized in the near future as simulator technologies evolve, more evidence-based training programs are implemented, and cost-effectiveness and impact on patient safety is clearly demonstrated.
AB - Simulation-based training (SBT) has become a standard component of modern surgical education, yet successful implementation of evidence-based training programs remains challenging. In this narrative review, we use Kern's framework for curriculum development to describe where we are now and what lies ahead for SBT within surgery with a focus on technical skills in operative procedures. Despite principles for optimal SBT (proficiency-based, distributed, and deliberate practice) having been identified, massed training with fixed time intervals or a fixed number of repetitions is still being extensively used, and simulators are generally underutilized. SBT should be part of surgical training curricula, including theoretical, technical, and non-technical skills, and be based on relevant needs assessments. Furthermore, training should follow evidence-based theoretical principles for optimal training, and the effect of training needs to be evaluated using relevant outcomes. There is a larger, still unrealized potential of surgical SBT, which may be realized in the near future as simulator technologies evolve, more evidence-based training programs are implemented, and cost-effectiveness and impact on patient safety is clearly demonstrated.
KW - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW - Clinical Competence
KW - Curriculum
KW - Education, Medical/methods
KW - General Surgery/education
KW - Humans
KW - Needs Assessment
KW - Program Evaluation
KW - Simulation Training/methods
KW - Students, Medical
KW - Surgeons/psychology
U2 - 10.1080/0142159X.2018.1472754
DO - 10.1080/0142159X.2018.1472754
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 29911477
SN - 0142-159X
VL - 40
SP - 668
EP - 675
JO - Medical Teacher
JF - Medical Teacher
IS - 7
ER -