Spontaneous supersaturation of calcium citrate from simultaneous isothermal dissolution of sodium citrate and sparingly soluble calcium hydroxycarboxylates in water

TY - JOUR

T1 - Spontaneous supersaturation of calcium citrate from simultaneous isothermal dissolution of sodium citrate and sparingly soluble calcium hydroxycarboxylates in water

AU - Hedegaard, Martina Vavrusova

AU - Garcia, André Castilho

AU - Danielsen, Bente Pia

AU - Skibsted, Leif Horsfelt

PY - 2017

Y1 - 2017

N2 - Strongly supersaturated homogeneous calcium citrate solutions are formed spontaneously when solid sodium citrate and solid calcium hydroxycarboxylates are dissolved simultaneously in water or when solid sodium citrate is dissolved in an already saturated aqueous solution of the calcium hydroxycarboxylate at ambient conditions. Maximal supersaturation of calcium citrate was found to decrease for an increasing value of the stability constant for calcium binding: l-lactate < d-gluconate < citrate, indicating citrate assisted dissolution through competitive complex formation as a thermodynamic factor controlling spontaneous supersaturation for up to a factor of more than twenty. Time elapsing prior to initiation of precipitation of calcium citrate was found to be shorter for a higher degree of supersaturation and lasted between hours and days. During subsequent precipitation equilibrium solubility of calcium citrate was approached with a simultaneous increase in water activity. Both thermodynamic and kinetic factors are suggested to be important for the spontaneous supersaturation, which seems to explain the paradoxal but well-stablished high bioavailability of calcium from the sparingly soluble calcium citrate and the high mobility of calcium in the presence of citrate during biomineralization.

AB - Strongly supersaturated homogeneous calcium citrate solutions are formed spontaneously when solid sodium citrate and solid calcium hydroxycarboxylates are dissolved simultaneously in water or when solid sodium citrate is dissolved in an already saturated aqueous solution of the calcium hydroxycarboxylate at ambient conditions. Maximal supersaturation of calcium citrate was found to decrease for an increasing value of the stability constant for calcium binding: l-lactate < d-gluconate < citrate, indicating citrate assisted dissolution through competitive complex formation as a thermodynamic factor controlling spontaneous supersaturation for up to a factor of more than twenty. Time elapsing prior to initiation of precipitation of calcium citrate was found to be shorter for a higher degree of supersaturation and lasted between hours and days. During subsequent precipitation equilibrium solubility of calcium citrate was approached with a simultaneous increase in water activity. Both thermodynamic and kinetic factors are suggested to be important for the spontaneous supersaturation, which seems to explain the paradoxal but well-stablished high bioavailability of calcium from the sparingly soluble calcium citrate and the high mobility of calcium in the presence of citrate during biomineralization.

U2 - 10.1039/C6RA25807G

DO - 10.1039/C6RA25807G

M3 - Journal article

SN - 2046-2069

VL - 7

SP - 3078

EP - 3088

JO - RSC Advances

JF - RSC Advances

IS - 6

ER -