Specialization in plant-hummingbird networks is associated with species richness, contemporary precipitation and quaternary climate-change velocity

Bo Dalsgaard; Else Magård; Jon Fjeldså; Ana M. Martín González; Carsten Rahbek; Jens M. Olesen; Jeff Ollerton; Ruben Alarcón; Andrea Cardoso Araujo; Peter A Cotton; Carlos Lara; Caio Graco Machado; Ivan Sazima; Marlies Sazima; Allan Timmermann; Stella Watts; Brody Sandel; William J. Sutherland; Jens-Christian Svenning

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025891

Specialization in plant-hummingbird networks is associated with species richness, contemporary precipitation and quaternary climate-change velocity

Bo Dalsgaard, Else Magård, Jon Fjeldså, Ana M. Martín González, Carsten Rahbek, Jens M. Olesen, Jeff Ollerton, Ruben Alarcón, Andrea Cardoso Araujo, Peter A Cotton, Carlos Lara, Caio Graco Machado, Ivan Sazima, Marlies Sazima, Allan Timmermann, Stella Watts, Brody Sandel, William J. Sutherland, Jens-Christian Svenning

Ecology and Evolution

102 Citationer (Scopus)

1675 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Large-scale geographical patterns of biotic specialization and the underlying drivers are poorly understood, but it is widely believed that climate plays an important role in determining specialization. As climate-driven range dynamics should diminish local adaptations and favor generalization, one hypothesis is that contemporary biotic specialization is determined by the degree of past climatic instability, primarily Quaternary climate-change velocity. Other prominent hypotheses predict that either contemporary climate or species richness affect biotic specialization. To gain insight into geographical patterns of contemporary biotic specialization and its drivers, we use network analysis to determine the degree of specialization in plant-hummingbird mutualistic networks sampled at 31 localities, spanning a wide range of climate regimes across the Americas. We found greater biotic specialization at lower latitudes, with latitude explaining 20-22% of the spatial variation in plant-hummingbird specialization. Potential drivers of specialization--contemporary climate, Quaternary climate-change velocity, and species richness--had superior explanatory power, together explaining 53-64% of the variation in specialization. Notably, our data provides empirical evidence for the hypothesized roles of species richness, contemporary precipitation and Quaternary climate-change velocity as key predictors of biotic specialization, whereas contemporary temperature and seasonality seem unimportant in determining specialization. These results suggest that both ecological and evolutionary processes at Quaternary time scales can be important in driving large-scale geographical patterns of contemporary biotic specialization, at least for co-evolved systems such as plant-hummingbird networks.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Artikelnummer	e25891
Tidsskrift	PLoS ONE
Vol/bind	6
Udgave nummer	10
Antal sider	7
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025891
Status	Udgivet - 5 okt. 2011

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10.1371/journal.pone.0025891Licens: CC BY

Dalsgaard_2011_Specialization_in_plant-hummingbirdForlagets udgivne version, 209 KBLicens: CC BY

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Dalsgaard, B., Magård, E., Fjeldså, J., Martín González, A. M., Rahbek, C., Olesen, J. M., Ollerton, J., Alarcón, R., Cardoso Araujo, A., Cotton, P. A., Lara, C., Machado, C. G., Sazima, I., Sazima, M., Timmermann, A., Watts, S., Sandel, B., Sutherland, W. J., & Svenning, J-C. (2011). Specialization in plant-hummingbird networks is associated with species richness, contemporary precipitation and quaternary climate-change velocity. PLoS ONE, 6(10), [e25891]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025891

Dalsgaard, B, Magård, E, Fjeldså, J, Martín González, AM, Rahbek, C, Olesen, JM, Ollerton, J, Alarcón, R, Cardoso Araujo, A, Cotton, PA, Lara, C, Machado, CG, Sazima, I, Sazima, M, Timmermann, A, Watts, S, Sandel, B, Sutherland, WJ & Svenning, J-C 2011, 'Specialization in plant-hummingbird networks is associated with species richness, contemporary precipitation and quaternary climate-change velocity', PLoS ONE, bind 6, nr. 10, e25891. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025891

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title = "Specialization in plant-hummingbird networks is associated with species richness, contemporary precipitation and quaternary climate-change velocity",

abstract = "Large-scale geographical patterns of biotic specialization and the underlying drivers are poorly understood, but it is widely believed that climate plays an important role in determining specialization. As climate-driven range dynamics should diminish local adaptations and favor generalization, one hypothesis is that contemporary biotic specialization is determined by the degree of past climatic instability, primarily Quaternary climate-change velocity. Other prominent hypotheses predict that either contemporary climate or species richness affect biotic specialization. To gain insight into geographical patterns of contemporary biotic specialization and its drivers, we use network analysis to determine the degree of specialization in plant-hummingbird mutualistic networks sampled at 31 localities, spanning a wide range of climate regimes across the Americas. We found greater biotic specialization at lower latitudes, with latitude explaining 20-22% of the spatial variation in plant-hummingbird specialization. Potential drivers of specialization--contemporary climate, Quaternary climate-change velocity, and species richness--had superior explanatory power, together explaining 53-64% of the variation in specialization. Notably, our data provides empirical evidence for the hypothesized roles of species richness, contemporary precipitation and Quaternary climate-change velocity as key predictors of biotic specialization, whereas contemporary temperature and seasonality seem unimportant in determining specialization. These results suggest that both ecological and evolutionary processes at Quaternary time scales can be important in driving large-scale geographical patterns of contemporary biotic specialization, at least for co-evolved systems such as plant-hummingbird networks.",

keywords = "Animals, Biodiversity, Birds, Climate Change, Geography, Plants, Rain",

author = "Bo Dalsgaard and Else Mag{\aa}rd and Jon Fjelds{\aa} and {Mart{\'i}n Gonz{\'a}lez}, {Ana M.} and Carsten Rahbek and Olesen, {Jens M.} and Jeff Ollerton and Ruben Alarc{\'o}n and {Cardoso Araujo}, Andrea and Cotton, {Peter A} and Carlos Lara and Machado, {Caio Graco} and Ivan Sazima and Marlies Sazima and Allan Timmermann and Stella Watts and Brody Sandel and Sutherland, {William J.} and Jens-Christian Svenning",

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T1 - Specialization in plant-hummingbird networks is associated with species richness, contemporary precipitation and quaternary climate-change velocity

AU - Dalsgaard, Bo

AU - Magård, Else

AU - Fjeldså, Jon

AU - Martín González, Ana M.

AU - Rahbek, Carsten

AU - Olesen, Jens M.

AU - Ollerton, Jeff

AU - Alarcón, Ruben

AU - Cardoso Araujo, Andrea

AU - Cotton, Peter A

AU - Lara, Carlos

AU - Machado, Caio Graco

AU - Sazima, Ivan

AU - Sazima, Marlies

AU - Timmermann, Allan

AU - Watts, Stella

AU - Sandel, Brody

AU - Sutherland, William J.

AU - Svenning, Jens-Christian

N1 - Artikel ID: e25891

PY - 2011/10/5

Y1 - 2011/10/5

N2 - Large-scale geographical patterns of biotic specialization and the underlying drivers are poorly understood, but it is widely believed that climate plays an important role in determining specialization. As climate-driven range dynamics should diminish local adaptations and favor generalization, one hypothesis is that contemporary biotic specialization is determined by the degree of past climatic instability, primarily Quaternary climate-change velocity. Other prominent hypotheses predict that either contemporary climate or species richness affect biotic specialization. To gain insight into geographical patterns of contemporary biotic specialization and its drivers, we use network analysis to determine the degree of specialization in plant-hummingbird mutualistic networks sampled at 31 localities, spanning a wide range of climate regimes across the Americas. We found greater biotic specialization at lower latitudes, with latitude explaining 20-22% of the spatial variation in plant-hummingbird specialization. Potential drivers of specialization--contemporary climate, Quaternary climate-change velocity, and species richness--had superior explanatory power, together explaining 53-64% of the variation in specialization. Notably, our data provides empirical evidence for the hypothesized roles of species richness, contemporary precipitation and Quaternary climate-change velocity as key predictors of biotic specialization, whereas contemporary temperature and seasonality seem unimportant in determining specialization. These results suggest that both ecological and evolutionary processes at Quaternary time scales can be important in driving large-scale geographical patterns of contemporary biotic specialization, at least for co-evolved systems such as plant-hummingbird networks.

AB - Large-scale geographical patterns of biotic specialization and the underlying drivers are poorly understood, but it is widely believed that climate plays an important role in determining specialization. As climate-driven range dynamics should diminish local adaptations and favor generalization, one hypothesis is that contemporary biotic specialization is determined by the degree of past climatic instability, primarily Quaternary climate-change velocity. Other prominent hypotheses predict that either contemporary climate or species richness affect biotic specialization. To gain insight into geographical patterns of contemporary biotic specialization and its drivers, we use network analysis to determine the degree of specialization in plant-hummingbird mutualistic networks sampled at 31 localities, spanning a wide range of climate regimes across the Americas. We found greater biotic specialization at lower latitudes, with latitude explaining 20-22% of the spatial variation in plant-hummingbird specialization. Potential drivers of specialization--contemporary climate, Quaternary climate-change velocity, and species richness--had superior explanatory power, together explaining 53-64% of the variation in specialization. Notably, our data provides empirical evidence for the hypothesized roles of species richness, contemporary precipitation and Quaternary climate-change velocity as key predictors of biotic specialization, whereas contemporary temperature and seasonality seem unimportant in determining specialization. These results suggest that both ecological and evolutionary processes at Quaternary time scales can be important in driving large-scale geographical patterns of contemporary biotic specialization, at least for co-evolved systems such as plant-hummingbird networks.

KW - Animals

KW - Biodiversity

KW - Birds

KW - Climate Change

KW - Geography

KW - Plants

KW - Rain

U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0025891

DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0025891

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 21998716

SN - 1932-6203

VL - 6

JO - PLoS Computational Biology

JF - PLoS Computational Biology

IS - 10

M1 - e25891

ER -

Specialization in plant-hummingbird networks is associated with species richness, contemporary precipitation and quaternary climate-change velocity

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