TY - JOUR
T1 - Spatial modeling of pigs’ drinking patterns as an alarm reducing method II. Application of a multivariate dynamic linear model
AU - Dominiak, K. N.
AU - Hindsborg, J.
AU - Pedersen, L. J.
AU - Kristensen, A. R.
PY - 2019/6
Y1 - 2019/6
N2 - The objectives of this paper are to evaluate the detection performance of a previously developed multivariate spatial dynamic linear model (DLM), which aim to predict outbreaks of either diarrhea or pen fouling amongst growing pigs, and to discuss potential post processing strategies for reducing alarms. The model is applied to sensor based water data from a commercial herd of finisher pigs (30–110 kg) and a research facility herd of weaner pigs (7–30 kg). Performance evaluation is conducted by applying a standardized two-sided Cusum, on the forecast errors generated by the spatial model. For each herd, forecast errors are generated at three spatial levels: Pen level, section level, and herd level. Seven model versions express different temporal correlations in the drinking patterns between pens and sections in a herd, and the performances of each spatial level are evaluated for every model version. The alarms generated by the Cusum are categorized as true positive (TP), false positive (FP), true negative (TN), or false negative (FN) based on time windows of three different lengths. In total, 126 combinations of herds, spatial levels, model versions, and time windows are evaluated, and the performance of each combination is reported as the area under the ROC curve (AUC). The highest performances are obtained at herd level given the longest time window and strongest temporal correlation (AUC = 0.98 (weaners) and 0.94 (finishers)). However, the settings most suitable for implementation in commercial herds, are obtained at section level given the medium-length time window and strongest temporal correlation (AUC = 0.86 (weaners) and 0.87 (finishers)). The combination of a spatial DLM and a two-sided tabular Cusum has high potential for prioritizing high-risk alarms as well as for merging alarms from multiple pens within the same section into a reduced number of alarms communicated to the caretaker. Thus, the spatial detection system described here, and in a previous paper, constitute a new and promising approach to sensor based monitoring tools in livestock production.
AB - The objectives of this paper are to evaluate the detection performance of a previously developed multivariate spatial dynamic linear model (DLM), which aim to predict outbreaks of either diarrhea or pen fouling amongst growing pigs, and to discuss potential post processing strategies for reducing alarms. The model is applied to sensor based water data from a commercial herd of finisher pigs (30–110 kg) and a research facility herd of weaner pigs (7–30 kg). Performance evaluation is conducted by applying a standardized two-sided Cusum, on the forecast errors generated by the spatial model. For each herd, forecast errors are generated at three spatial levels: Pen level, section level, and herd level. Seven model versions express different temporal correlations in the drinking patterns between pens and sections in a herd, and the performances of each spatial level are evaluated for every model version. The alarms generated by the Cusum are categorized as true positive (TP), false positive (FP), true negative (TN), or false negative (FN) based on time windows of three different lengths. In total, 126 combinations of herds, spatial levels, model versions, and time windows are evaluated, and the performance of each combination is reported as the area under the ROC curve (AUC). The highest performances are obtained at herd level given the longest time window and strongest temporal correlation (AUC = 0.98 (weaners) and 0.94 (finishers)). However, the settings most suitable for implementation in commercial herds, are obtained at section level given the medium-length time window and strongest temporal correlation (AUC = 0.86 (weaners) and 0.87 (finishers)). The combination of a spatial DLM and a two-sided tabular Cusum has high potential for prioritizing high-risk alarms as well as for merging alarms from multiple pens within the same section into a reduced number of alarms communicated to the caretaker. Thus, the spatial detection system described here, and in a previous paper, constitute a new and promising approach to sensor based monitoring tools in livestock production.
KW - Detection performance
KW - Early warning
KW - Sensor-based
KW - Tabular Cusum
KW - Water consumption
U2 - 10.1016/j.compag.2018.10.037
DO - 10.1016/j.compag.2018.10.037
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85055744178
SN - 0168-1699
SP - 92
EP - 103
JO - Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
JF - Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
ER -
