TY - JOUR
T1 - Screening for autologous blood transfusions
AU - Mørkeberg, J
AU - Belhage, B
AU - Ashenden, M
AU - Bornø, A
AU - Sharpe, K
AU - Dziegiel, M H
AU - Damsgaard, R
AU - Mørkeberg, J
AU - Belhage, B
AU - Ashenden, M
AU - Bornø, A
AU - Sharpe, K
AU - Dziegiel, M H
AU - Damsgaard, R
N1 - Keywords: Adult; Blood Preservation; Blood Transfusion, Autologous; Doping in Sports; Erythrocytes; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Reticulocytes; Substance Abuse Detection; Temperature; Young Adult
PY - 2009/4/1
Y1 - 2009/4/1
N2 - The ratio between the amount of hemoglobin in the mature erythrocyte population and the reticulocytes (RBCHb:RetHb ratio) has previously been suggested as a marker to screen for EPO-abuse. We speculated that the reinfusion of blood would lead to a marked increase in this ratio, making it a valuable parameter in the screening for autologous blood doping. Three bags of blood (approximately 201+/-11 g of Hb) were withdrawn from 16 males and stored at either -80 degrees C (-80 T, n=8) or +4 degrees C (+4 T, n=8) and reinfused 10 weeks or 4 weeks later, respectively. Seven subjects served as controls. Different erythrocyte parameters were measured on a hematological analyzer serially throughout and during a 4 week wash-out period. By using RBCHb:RetHb ratio cut-off limits of 145.7 (1:100) ('suspicious') and 182.9 (1:1000) ('positive'), 35.4% (-80 T) and 19.6% (+4 T) of all samples obtained during a 4 week wash-out period were identified as 'suspicious', and 18.8% (-80 T) and 4.3% (+4 T) as 'positive'. In total, 7 out of 16 (43.8%) subjects had at least one sample exceeding 182.9. Compared to the currently used indirect parameters, the RBCHb:RetHb ratio is the best indicator of autologous blood doping after reinfusion, and the parameter could be used in a testing setting, once stability validation has been performed.
AB - The ratio between the amount of hemoglobin in the mature erythrocyte population and the reticulocytes (RBCHb:RetHb ratio) has previously been suggested as a marker to screen for EPO-abuse. We speculated that the reinfusion of blood would lead to a marked increase in this ratio, making it a valuable parameter in the screening for autologous blood doping. Three bags of blood (approximately 201+/-11 g of Hb) were withdrawn from 16 males and stored at either -80 degrees C (-80 T, n=8) or +4 degrees C (+4 T, n=8) and reinfused 10 weeks or 4 weeks later, respectively. Seven subjects served as controls. Different erythrocyte parameters were measured on a hematological analyzer serially throughout and during a 4 week wash-out period. By using RBCHb:RetHb ratio cut-off limits of 145.7 (1:100) ('suspicious') and 182.9 (1:1000) ('positive'), 35.4% (-80 T) and 19.6% (+4 T) of all samples obtained during a 4 week wash-out period were identified as 'suspicious', and 18.8% (-80 T) and 4.3% (+4 T) as 'positive'. In total, 7 out of 16 (43.8%) subjects had at least one sample exceeding 182.9. Compared to the currently used indirect parameters, the RBCHb:RetHb ratio is the best indicator of autologous blood doping after reinfusion, and the parameter could be used in a testing setting, once stability validation has been performed.
U2 - 10.1055/s-0028-1105938
DO - 10.1055/s-0028-1105938
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 19199200
SN - 0172-4622
VL - 30
SP - 285
EP - 292
JO - International Journal of Sports Medicine
JF - International Journal of Sports Medicine
IS - 4
ER -