Satiety scores and satiety hormone response after sucrose-sweetened soft drink compared with isocaloric semi-skimmed milk and with non-caloric soft drink: a controlled trial

TY - JOUR

T1 - Satiety scores and satiety hormone response after sucrose-sweetened soft drink compared with isocaloric semi-skimmed milk and with non-caloric soft drink

T2 - a controlled trial

AU - Nielsen, Maria Mærsk

AU - Sparre, Anita Belza

AU - Holst, Jens Juul

AU - Fenger-Grøn, Morten

AU - Pedersen, S.B.

AU - Astrup, Arne

AU - Richelsen, Bjørn

N1 - IHE 2012 012

PY - 2012/4

Y1 - 2012/4

N2 - Background/Objectives:Observational studies indicate that sugar-sweetened soft drinks (SSSD) may promote obesity, among other factors, owing to low-satiating effects. The effect of energy in drinks on appetite is still unclear. We examined the effect of two isocaloric, but macronutrient, different beverages (SSSD versus semi-skimmed milk) and two non-energy-containing beverages (aspartame-sweetened soft drink (ASSD) and water) on appetite, appetite-regulating hormones and energy intake (EI).Subjects/Methods:In all, 24 obese individuals were included in a crossover trial. Each subject was served either 500 ml of SSSD (regular cola: 900 kJ), semi-skimmed milk (950 kJ), ASSD (diet cola: 7.5 kJ), or water. Subjective appetite scores, ghrelin, GLP-1, and GIP concentrations were measured at baseline and continuously 4-h post intake. Ad libitum EI was measured 4 h after intake of the test drinks.Results:Milk induced greater subjective fullness and less hunger than regular cola (P<0.05). Also, milk led to 31% higher GLP-1 (95% CI: 20, 44; P<0.01) and 45% higher GIP (95% CI: 23, 72; P<0.01) concentrations compared with SSSD. Ghrelin was equally 20% lower after milk and SSSD compared with water. The total EI (ad libitum EIEI from the drink) was higher after the energy-containing drinks compared with diet cola and water (P<0.01).Conclusions:Milk increased appetite scores and GLP-1 and GIP responses compared with SSSD. The energy containing beverages were not compensated by decreased EI at the following meal, emphasizing the risk of generating a positive energy balance by consuming energy containing beverages. Furthermore, there were no indications of ASSD increased appetite or EI compared with water.

AB - Background/Objectives:Observational studies indicate that sugar-sweetened soft drinks (SSSD) may promote obesity, among other factors, owing to low-satiating effects. The effect of energy in drinks on appetite is still unclear. We examined the effect of two isocaloric, but macronutrient, different beverages (SSSD versus semi-skimmed milk) and two non-energy-containing beverages (aspartame-sweetened soft drink (ASSD) and water) on appetite, appetite-regulating hormones and energy intake (EI).Subjects/Methods:In all, 24 obese individuals were included in a crossover trial. Each subject was served either 500 ml of SSSD (regular cola: 900 kJ), semi-skimmed milk (950 kJ), ASSD (diet cola: 7.5 kJ), or water. Subjective appetite scores, ghrelin, GLP-1, and GIP concentrations were measured at baseline and continuously 4-h post intake. Ad libitum EI was measured 4 h after intake of the test drinks.Results:Milk induced greater subjective fullness and less hunger than regular cola (P<0.05). Also, milk led to 31% higher GLP-1 (95% CI: 20, 44; P<0.01) and 45% higher GIP (95% CI: 23, 72; P<0.01) concentrations compared with SSSD. Ghrelin was equally 20% lower after milk and SSSD compared with water. The total EI (ad libitum EIEI from the drink) was higher after the energy-containing drinks compared with diet cola and water (P<0.01).Conclusions:Milk increased appetite scores and GLP-1 and GIP responses compared with SSSD. The energy containing beverages were not compensated by decreased EI at the following meal, emphasizing the risk of generating a positive energy balance by consuming energy containing beverages. Furthermore, there were no indications of ASSD increased appetite or EI compared with water.

KW - Adult

KW - Animals

KW - Appetite

KW - Aspartame

KW - Carbonated Beverages

KW - Cross-Over Studies

KW - Energy Intake

KW - Female

KW - Ghrelin

KW - Glucagon-Like Peptide 1

KW - Hormones

KW - Humans

KW - Hunger

KW - Male

KW - Milk

KW - Obesity

KW - Satiation

KW - Satiety Response

KW - Sucrose

KW - Sweetening Agents

KW - Young Adult

U2 - 10.1038/ejcn.2011.223

DO - 10.1038/ejcn.2011.223

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 22252107

SN - 0954-3007

VL - 66

SP - 523

EP - 529

JO - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

JF - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

IS - 4

ER -