Rho GTPases-emerging regulators of glucose homeostasis and metabolic health

TY - JOUR

T1 - Rho GTPases-emerging regulators of glucose homeostasis and metabolic health

AU - Møller, Lisbeth Liliendal Valbjørn

AU - Klip, Amira

AU - Sylow, Lykke

N1 - CURIS 2019 NEXS 163

PY - 2019/5

Y1 - 2019/5

N2 - Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) are key regulators in a number of cellular functions, including actin cytoskeleton remodeling and vesicle traffic. Traditionally, Rho GTPases are studied because of their function in cell migration and cancer, while their roles in metabolism are less documented. However, emerging evidence implicates Rho GTPases as regulators of processes of crucial importance for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Thus, the time is now ripe for reviewing Rho GTPases in the context of metabolic health. Rho GTPase-mediated key processes include the release of insulin from pancreatic β cells, glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and muscle mass regulation. Through the current review, we cast light on the important roles of Rho GTPases in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the pancreas and discuss the proposed mechanisms by which Rho GTPases act to regulate glucose metabolism in health and disease. We also describe challenges and goals for future research.

AB - Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) are key regulators in a number of cellular functions, including actin cytoskeleton remodeling and vesicle traffic. Traditionally, Rho GTPases are studied because of their function in cell migration and cancer, while their roles in metabolism are less documented. However, emerging evidence implicates Rho GTPases as regulators of processes of crucial importance for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Thus, the time is now ripe for reviewing Rho GTPases in the context of metabolic health. Rho GTPase-mediated key processes include the release of insulin from pancreatic β cells, glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and muscle mass regulation. Through the current review, we cast light on the important roles of Rho GTPases in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the pancreas and discuss the proposed mechanisms by which Rho GTPases act to regulate glucose metabolism in health and disease. We also describe challenges and goals for future research.

KW - Faculty of Science

KW - Rho GTPases

KW - Metabolism

KW - Glucose homeostasis

KW - GLUT4 translocation

KW - Skeletal muscle

KW - Pancreas

KW - Insulin

KW - Diabetes

KW - Ageing

U2 - 10.3390/cells8050434

DO - 10.3390/cells8050434

M3 - Review

C2 - 31075957

SN - 2073-4409

VL - 8

JO - Cells

JF - Cells

IS - 5

M1 - 434

ER -