Regulation of glucose metabolism in nondiabetic, metabolically obese normal-weight Asians

Cherlyn Ding; Zhiling Chan; Yu Chung Chooi; John Choo; Suresh Anand Sadananthan; Amanda Chang; S Sasikala; Navin Michael; S Sendhil Velan; Faidon Magkos

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00382.2017

Regulation of glucose metabolism in nondiabetic, metabolically obese normal-weight Asians

Cherlyn Ding, Zhiling Chan, Yu Chung Chooi, John Choo, Suresh Anand Sadananthan, Amanda Chang, S Sasikala, Navin Michael, S Sendhil Velan, Faidon Magkos

15 Citationer (Scopus)

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes in Asia occurs largely in the absence of obesity. The metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW) phenotype refers to lean subjects with metabolic dysfunction that is typically observed in people with obesity and is associated with increased risk for diabetes. Previous studies evaluated MONW subjects who had greater body mass index (BMI) or total body fat than respective control groups, making interpretation of the results difficult. We evaluated insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp); insulin secretion (mixed meal with oral minimal modeling); intra-abdominal, muscle, and liver fat contents (magnetic resonance); and fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations in 18 MONW subjects and 18 metabolically healthy controls matched for age (43 ± 3 and 40 ± 3 yr; P = 0.52), BMI (both 22 ± 1 kg/m²; P = 0.69), total body fat (17 ± 1 and 16 ± 1 kg; P = 0.33), and sex (9 men and 9 women in each group). Compared with controls, MONW subjects had an approximately twofold greater visceral adipose tissue volume and an approximately fourfold greater intrahepatic fat content (but similar muscle fat), 20-30% lower glucose disposal rates and insulin sensitivity, and 30-40% greater insulin secretion rates (all P < 0.05). The disposition index, fasting glucose, and HbA1c concentrations were not different between groups, whereas postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations were ~15% and ~65% greater, respectively, in MONW than control subjects (both P < 0.05). We conclude that the MONW phenotype is associated with accumulation of fat in the intra-abdominal area and the liver, profound insulin resistance, but also a robust β-cell insulin secretion response that compensates for insulin resistance and helps maintain glucose homeostasis.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Tidsskrift	American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism
Vol/bind	314
Udgave nummer	5
Sider (fra-til)	E494-E502
Antal sider	9
ISSN	0193-1849
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00382.2017
Status	Udgivet - 1 maj 2018
Udgivet eksternt	Ja

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10.1152/ajpendo.00382.2017

https://www.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/ajpendo.00382.2017

Citationsformater

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title = "Regulation of glucose metabolism in nondiabetic, metabolically obese normal-weight Asians",

abstract = "Type 2 diabetes in Asia occurs largely in the absence of obesity. The metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW) phenotype refers to lean subjects with metabolic dysfunction that is typically observed in people with obesity and is associated with increased risk for diabetes. Previous studies evaluated MONW subjects who had greater body mass index (BMI) or total body fat than respective control groups, making interpretation of the results difficult. We evaluated insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp); insulin secretion (mixed meal with oral minimal modeling); intra-abdominal, muscle, and liver fat contents (magnetic resonance); and fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations in 18 MONW subjects and 18 metabolically healthy controls matched for age (43 ± 3 and 40 ± 3 yr; P = 0.52), BMI (both 22 ± 1 kg/m2; P = 0.69), total body fat (17 ± 1 and 16 ± 1 kg; P = 0.33), and sex (9 men and 9 women in each group). Compared with controls, MONW subjects had an approximately twofold greater visceral adipose tissue volume and an approximately fourfold greater intrahepatic fat content (but similar muscle fat), 20-30% lower glucose disposal rates and insulin sensitivity, and 30-40% greater insulin secretion rates (all P < 0.05). The disposition index, fasting glucose, and HbA1c concentrations were not different between groups, whereas postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations were ~15% and ~65% greater, respectively, in MONW than control subjects (both P < 0.05). We conclude that the MONW phenotype is associated with accumulation of fat in the intra-abdominal area and the liver, profound insulin resistance, but also a robust β-cell insulin secretion response that compensates for insulin resistance and helps maintain glucose homeostasis.",

keywords = "Faculty of Science, Asian population, [Beta]-cell function, Glucose metabolism, Insulin sensitivity, Metabolically obese normal weight",

author = "Cherlyn Ding and Zhiling Chan and Chooi, {Yu Chung} and John Choo and Sadananthan, {Suresh Anand} and Amanda Chang and S Sasikala and Navin Michael and Velan, {S Sendhil} and Faidon Magkos",

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T1 - Regulation of glucose metabolism in nondiabetic, metabolically obese normal-weight Asians

AU - Ding, Cherlyn

AU - Chan, Zhiling

AU - Chooi, Yu Chung

AU - Choo, John

AU - Sadananthan, Suresh Anand

AU - Chang, Amanda

AU - Sasikala, S

AU - Michael, Navin

AU - Velan, S Sendhil

AU - Magkos, Faidon

N1 - (Ekstern)

PY - 2018/5/1

Y1 - 2018/5/1

N2 - Type 2 diabetes in Asia occurs largely in the absence of obesity. The metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW) phenotype refers to lean subjects with metabolic dysfunction that is typically observed in people with obesity and is associated with increased risk for diabetes. Previous studies evaluated MONW subjects who had greater body mass index (BMI) or total body fat than respective control groups, making interpretation of the results difficult. We evaluated insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp); insulin secretion (mixed meal with oral minimal modeling); intra-abdominal, muscle, and liver fat contents (magnetic resonance); and fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations in 18 MONW subjects and 18 metabolically healthy controls matched for age (43 ± 3 and 40 ± 3 yr; P = 0.52), BMI (both 22 ± 1 kg/m2; P = 0.69), total body fat (17 ± 1 and 16 ± 1 kg; P = 0.33), and sex (9 men and 9 women in each group). Compared with controls, MONW subjects had an approximately twofold greater visceral adipose tissue volume and an approximately fourfold greater intrahepatic fat content (but similar muscle fat), 20-30% lower glucose disposal rates and insulin sensitivity, and 30-40% greater insulin secretion rates (all P < 0.05). The disposition index, fasting glucose, and HbA1c concentrations were not different between groups, whereas postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations were ~15% and ~65% greater, respectively, in MONW than control subjects (both P < 0.05). We conclude that the MONW phenotype is associated with accumulation of fat in the intra-abdominal area and the liver, profound insulin resistance, but also a robust β-cell insulin secretion response that compensates for insulin resistance and helps maintain glucose homeostasis.

AB - Type 2 diabetes in Asia occurs largely in the absence of obesity. The metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW) phenotype refers to lean subjects with metabolic dysfunction that is typically observed in people with obesity and is associated with increased risk for diabetes. Previous studies evaluated MONW subjects who had greater body mass index (BMI) or total body fat than respective control groups, making interpretation of the results difficult. We evaluated insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp); insulin secretion (mixed meal with oral minimal modeling); intra-abdominal, muscle, and liver fat contents (magnetic resonance); and fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations in 18 MONW subjects and 18 metabolically healthy controls matched for age (43 ± 3 and 40 ± 3 yr; P = 0.52), BMI (both 22 ± 1 kg/m2; P = 0.69), total body fat (17 ± 1 and 16 ± 1 kg; P = 0.33), and sex (9 men and 9 women in each group). Compared with controls, MONW subjects had an approximately twofold greater visceral adipose tissue volume and an approximately fourfold greater intrahepatic fat content (but similar muscle fat), 20-30% lower glucose disposal rates and insulin sensitivity, and 30-40% greater insulin secretion rates (all P < 0.05). The disposition index, fasting glucose, and HbA1c concentrations were not different between groups, whereas postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations were ~15% and ~65% greater, respectively, in MONW than control subjects (both P < 0.05). We conclude that the MONW phenotype is associated with accumulation of fat in the intra-abdominal area and the liver, profound insulin resistance, but also a robust β-cell insulin secretion response that compensates for insulin resistance and helps maintain glucose homeostasis.

KW - Faculty of Science

KW - Asian population

KW - [Beta]-cell function

KW - Glucose metabolism

KW - Insulin sensitivity

KW - Metabolically obese normal weight

U2 - 10.1152/ajpendo.00382.2017

DO - 10.1152/ajpendo.00382.2017

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 29351481

SN - 0193-1849

VL - 314

SP - E494-E502

JO - American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism

JF - American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism

IS - 5

ER -

Regulation of glucose metabolism in nondiabetic, metabolically obese normal-weight Asians

Abstract

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