TY - JOUR
T1 - Real-time 2-d phased array vector flow imaging
AU - Holbek, Simon
AU - Hansen, Kristoffer Lindskov
AU - Fogh, Nikolaj
AU - Moshavegh, Ramin
AU - Olesen, Jacob Bjerring
AU - Nielsen, Michael Bachmann
AU - Jensen, Jorgen Arendt
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - Echocardiography examination of the blood flow is currently either restricted to 1-D techniques in real-time or experimental offline 2-D methods. This paper presents an implementation of transverse oscillation for real-time 2-D vector flow imaging (VFI) on a commercial BK Ultrasound scanner. A large field-of-view (FOV) sequence for studying flow dynamics at 11 frames per second (fps) and a sequence for studying peak systolic velocities (PSVs) with a narrow FOV at 36 fps were validated. The VFI sequences were validated in a flow rig with continuous laminar parabolic flow and in a pulsating flow pump system before being tested in vivo, where measurements were obtained on two healthy volunteers. Mean PSV from 11 cycles was 155 cms-1 with a precision of ±9.0% for the pulsating flow pump. In vivo, PSV estimated in the ascending aorta was 135 cms-1 ± 16.9% for eight cardiac cycles. Furthermore, in vivo flow dynamics of the left ventricle and in the ascending aorta were visualized. In conclusion, angle independent 2-D VFI on a phased array has been implemented in real time, and it is capable of providing quantitative and qualitative flow evaluations of both the complex and fully transverse flow.
AB - Echocardiography examination of the blood flow is currently either restricted to 1-D techniques in real-time or experimental offline 2-D methods. This paper presents an implementation of transverse oscillation for real-time 2-D vector flow imaging (VFI) on a commercial BK Ultrasound scanner. A large field-of-view (FOV) sequence for studying flow dynamics at 11 frames per second (fps) and a sequence for studying peak systolic velocities (PSVs) with a narrow FOV at 36 fps were validated. The VFI sequences were validated in a flow rig with continuous laminar parabolic flow and in a pulsating flow pump system before being tested in vivo, where measurements were obtained on two healthy volunteers. Mean PSV from 11 cycles was 155 cms-1 with a precision of ±9.0% for the pulsating flow pump. In vivo, PSV estimated in the ascending aorta was 135 cms-1 ± 16.9% for eight cardiac cycles. Furthermore, in vivo flow dynamics of the left ventricle and in the ascending aorta were visualized. In conclusion, angle independent 2-D VFI on a phased array has been implemented in real time, and it is capable of providing quantitative and qualitative flow evaluations of both the complex and fully transverse flow.
KW - 3-D vector flow
KW - blood velocity estimation
KW - transverse oscillation
U2 - 10.1109/TUFFC.2018.2838518
DO - 10.1109/TUFFC.2018.2838518
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 29993373
AN - SCOPUS:85047205927
SN - 0885-3010
VL - 65
SP - 1205
EP - 1213
JO - I E E E Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control
JF - I E E E Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control
IS - 7
ER -