Prokaryotic toxin-antitoxin stress response loci

K Gerdes; SK Christensen; A Lobner-Olesen

doi:10.1038/nrmicro1147

Prokaryotic toxin-antitoxin stress response loci

K Gerdes, SK Christensen, A Lobner-Olesen

829 Citationer (Scopus)

Abstract

Although toxin-antitoxin gene cassettes were first found in plasmids, recent database mining has shown that these loci are abundant in free-living prokaryotes, including many pathogenic bacteria. For example, Mycobacterium tuberculosis has 38 chromosomal toxin-antitoxin loci, including 3 relBE and 9 mazEF loci. ReIE and MazF are toxins that cleave mRNA in response to nutritional stress. ReIE cleaves mRNAs that are positioned at the ribosomal A-site, between the second and third nucleotides of the A-site codon. It has been proposed that toxin-antitoxin loci function in bacterial programmed cell death, but evidence now indicates that these loci provide a control mechanism that helps free-living prokaryotes cope with nutritional stress.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Tidsskrift	Nature Reviews. Microbiology
Vol/bind	3
Udgave nummer	5
Sider (fra-til)	371-382
Antal sider	12
ISSN	1740-1526
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1147
Status	Udgivet - 2005
Udgivet eksternt	Ja

Adgang til dokumentet

10.1038/nrmicro1147

Citationsformater

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AB - Although toxin-antitoxin gene cassettes were first found in plasmids, recent database mining has shown that these loci are abundant in free-living prokaryotes, including many pathogenic bacteria. For example, Mycobacterium tuberculosis has 38 chromosomal toxin-antitoxin loci, including 3 relBE and 9 mazEF loci. ReIE and MazF are toxins that cleave mRNA in response to nutritional stress. ReIE cleaves mRNAs that are positioned at the ribosomal A-site, between the second and third nucleotides of the A-site codon. It has been proposed that toxin-antitoxin loci function in bacterial programmed cell death, but evidence now indicates that these loci provide a control mechanism that helps free-living prokaryotes cope with nutritional stress.

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