TY - JOUR
T1 - Power laws from linear neuronal cable theory
T2 - power spectral densities of the soma potential, soma membrane current and single-neuron contribution to the EEG
AU - Pettersen, Klas H
AU - Lindén, Henrik Anders
AU - Tetzlaff, Tom
AU - Einevoll, Gaute T
PY - 2014/11/1
Y1 - 2014/11/1
N2 - Power laws, that is, power spectral densities (PSDs) exhibiting (Formula presented.) behavior for large frequencies f, have been observed both in microscopic (neural membrane potentials and currents) and macroscopic (electroencephalography; EEG) recordings. While complex network behavior has been suggested to be at the root of this phenomenon, we here demonstrate a possible origin of such power laws in the biophysical properties of single neurons described by the standard cable equation. Taking advantage of the analytical tractability of the so called ball and stick neuron model, we derive general expressions for the PSD transfer functions for a set of measures of neuronal activity: the soma membrane current, the current-dipole moment (corresponding to the single-neuron EEG contribution), and the soma membrane potential. These PSD transfer functions relate the PSDs of the respective measurements to the PSDs of the noisy input currents. With homogeneously distributed input currents across the neuronal membrane we find that all PSD transfer functions express asymptotic high-frequency (Formula presented.) power laws with power-law exponents analytically identified as (Formula presented.) for the soma membrane current, (Formula presented.) for the current-dipole moment, and (Formula presented.) for the soma membrane potential. Comparison with available data suggests that the apparent power laws observed in the high-frequency end of the PSD spectra may stem from uncorrelated current sources which are homogeneously distributed across the neural membranes and themselves exhibit pink ((Formula presented.)) noise distributions. While the PSD noise spectra at low frequencies may be dominated by synaptic noise, our findings suggest that the high-frequency power laws may originate in noise from intrinsic ion channels. The significance of this finding goes beyond neuroscience as it demonstrates how (Formula presented.) power laws with a wide range of values for the power-law exponent α may arise from a simple, linear partial differential equation.
AB - Power laws, that is, power spectral densities (PSDs) exhibiting (Formula presented.) behavior for large frequencies f, have been observed both in microscopic (neural membrane potentials and currents) and macroscopic (electroencephalography; EEG) recordings. While complex network behavior has been suggested to be at the root of this phenomenon, we here demonstrate a possible origin of such power laws in the biophysical properties of single neurons described by the standard cable equation. Taking advantage of the analytical tractability of the so called ball and stick neuron model, we derive general expressions for the PSD transfer functions for a set of measures of neuronal activity: the soma membrane current, the current-dipole moment (corresponding to the single-neuron EEG contribution), and the soma membrane potential. These PSD transfer functions relate the PSDs of the respective measurements to the PSDs of the noisy input currents. With homogeneously distributed input currents across the neuronal membrane we find that all PSD transfer functions express asymptotic high-frequency (Formula presented.) power laws with power-law exponents analytically identified as (Formula presented.) for the soma membrane current, (Formula presented.) for the current-dipole moment, and (Formula presented.) for the soma membrane potential. Comparison with available data suggests that the apparent power laws observed in the high-frequency end of the PSD spectra may stem from uncorrelated current sources which are homogeneously distributed across the neural membranes and themselves exhibit pink ((Formula presented.)) noise distributions. While the PSD noise spectra at low frequencies may be dominated by synaptic noise, our findings suggest that the high-frequency power laws may originate in noise from intrinsic ion channels. The significance of this finding goes beyond neuroscience as it demonstrates how (Formula presented.) power laws with a wide range of values for the power-law exponent α may arise from a simple, linear partial differential equation.
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003928
DO - 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003928
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 25393030
SN - 1553-734X
VL - 10
SP - 1
EP - 26
JO - P L o S Computational Biology (Online)
JF - P L o S Computational Biology (Online)
IS - 11
M1 - e1003928
ER -