TY - JOUR
T1 - Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate triggers activation of focal adhesion kinase by inducing clustering and conformational changes
AU - Goñi, Guillermina M
AU - Epifano, Carolina
AU - Boskovic, Jasminka
AU - Camacho-Artacho, Marta
AU - Zhou, Jing
AU - Bronowska, Agnieszka
AU - Martín, M Teresa
AU - Eck, Michael J
AU - Kremer, Leonor
AU - Gräter, Frauke
AU - Gervasio, Francesco Luigi
AU - Perez-Moreno, Mirna
AU - Lietha, Daniel
PY - 2014/8/5
Y1 - 2014/8/5
N2 - Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (NRTK) with key roles in integrating growth and cell matrix adhesion signals, and FAK is a major driver of invasion and metastasis in cancer. Cell adhesion via integrin receptors is well known to trigger FAK signaling, and many of the players involved are known; however, mechanistically, FAK activation is not understood. Here, using a multidisciplinary approach, including biochemical, biophysical, structural, computational, and cell biology approaches, we provide a detailed view of a multistep activation mechanism of FAK initiated by phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. Interestingly, the mechanism differs from canonical NRTK activation and is tailored to the dual catalytic and scaffolding function of FAK. We find PI(4,5)P2 induces clustering of FAK on the lipid bilayer by binding a basic region in the regulatory 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin homology (FERM) domain. In these clusters, PI(4,5)P2 induces a partially open FAK conformation where the autophosphorylation site is exposed, facilitating efficient autophosphorylation and subsequent Src recruitment. However, PI(4,5)P2 does not release autoinhibitory interactions; rather, Src phosphorylation of the activation loop in FAK results in release of the FERM/kinase tether and full catalytic activation. We propose that PI(4,5)P2 and its generation in focal adhesions by the enzyme phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type Iγ are important in linking integrin signaling to FAK activation.
AB - Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (NRTK) with key roles in integrating growth and cell matrix adhesion signals, and FAK is a major driver of invasion and metastasis in cancer. Cell adhesion via integrin receptors is well known to trigger FAK signaling, and many of the players involved are known; however, mechanistically, FAK activation is not understood. Here, using a multidisciplinary approach, including biochemical, biophysical, structural, computational, and cell biology approaches, we provide a detailed view of a multistep activation mechanism of FAK initiated by phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. Interestingly, the mechanism differs from canonical NRTK activation and is tailored to the dual catalytic and scaffolding function of FAK. We find PI(4,5)P2 induces clustering of FAK on the lipid bilayer by binding a basic region in the regulatory 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin homology (FERM) domain. In these clusters, PI(4,5)P2 induces a partially open FAK conformation where the autophosphorylation site is exposed, facilitating efficient autophosphorylation and subsequent Src recruitment. However, PI(4,5)P2 does not release autoinhibitory interactions; rather, Src phosphorylation of the activation loop in FAK results in release of the FERM/kinase tether and full catalytic activation. We propose that PI(4,5)P2 and its generation in focal adhesions by the enzyme phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type Iγ are important in linking integrin signaling to FAK activation.
KW - Adenosine Triphosphate
KW - Allosteric Regulation
KW - Amino Acid Sequence
KW - Amino Acids
KW - Biocatalysis
KW - Cell Adhesion
KW - Cluster Analysis
KW - Enzyme Activation
KW - Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
KW - Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
KW - Gene Knockdown Techniques
KW - HeLa Cells
KW - Humans
KW - Models, Molecular
KW - Molecular Sequence Data
KW - Mutant Proteins
KW - Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate
KW - Phosphorylation
KW - Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)
KW - Protein Binding
KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary
KW - Signal Transduction
KW - src-Family Kinases
KW - Journal Article
KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
U2 - 10.1073/pnas.1317022111
DO - 10.1073/pnas.1317022111
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 25049397
SN - 0027-8424
VL - 111
SP - E3177-E3186
JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
IS - 31
ER -