Pancreatic effects of GLP-1

TY - ENCYC

T1 - Pancreatic effects of GLP-1

AU - Kuhre, Rune Ehrenreich

AU - Albrechtsen, Nicolai Jacob Wewer

AU - Holst, Jens Juul

PY - 2014/12/22

Y1 - 2014/12/22

N2 - Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a key hormone for regulation of blood glucose and satiety in humans. It is produced by L-cells of the gut epithelium and is particularly known as an incretin hormone that reduces post prandial blood glucose levels by stimulation of insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. But perhaps equally importantly, GLP-1’s glucose lowering effects are attributable to a strong inhibition of glucagon secretion, and, thereby, a reduction of hepatic glucose output. The effects of GLP-1 on insulin secretion are mediated by binding of the hormone to the receptor (GLP-1r) on the pancreatic β-cell, which increases intracellular cAMP levels and sets in motion a plethora of events that lead to secretion. In contrast, the inhibitory effect of GLP-1 on the α-cell may be indirect, involving paracrine intra-islet regulation by somatostatin and possibly also insulin, although GLP-1 also inhibits glucagon secretion in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Besides these acute effects on the endocrine pancreas, GLP-1 also appears to have a positive effect on β-cell mass. In the following we will review GLP-1’s pancreatic effects with particular focus on its effects on pancreatic islets hormone secretion.

AB - Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a key hormone for regulation of blood glucose and satiety in humans. It is produced by L-cells of the gut epithelium and is particularly known as an incretin hormone that reduces post prandial blood glucose levels by stimulation of insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. But perhaps equally importantly, GLP-1’s glucose lowering effects are attributable to a strong inhibition of glucagon secretion, and, thereby, a reduction of hepatic glucose output. The effects of GLP-1 on insulin secretion are mediated by binding of the hormone to the receptor (GLP-1r) on the pancreatic β-cell, which increases intracellular cAMP levels and sets in motion a plethora of events that lead to secretion. In contrast, the inhibitory effect of GLP-1 on the α-cell may be indirect, involving paracrine intra-islet regulation by somatostatin and possibly also insulin, although GLP-1 also inhibits glucagon secretion in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Besides these acute effects on the endocrine pancreas, GLP-1 also appears to have a positive effect on β-cell mass. In the following we will review GLP-1’s pancreatic effects with particular focus on its effects on pancreatic islets hormone secretion.

KW - Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences

KW - Glucagon-Like Peptide 1

KW - Insulin

KW - Glucagon

KW - Somatostatin

U2 - 10.14496/dia.5104336169.8

DO - 10.14496/dia.5104336169.8

M3 - Encyclopedia chapter

BT - Diapedia

PB - European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)

ER -