Oral contraceptive use and genital anomalies in sons: A Danish cohort study

TY - JOUR

T1 - Oral contraceptive use and genital anomalies in sons

T2 - A Danish cohort study

AU - Buur, L. E.

AU - Laurberg, V. R.

AU - Ernst, A.

AU - Arendt, L. H.

AU - Andersen, A-M Nybo

AU - Olsen, J.

AU - Ramlau-Hansen, C. H.

PY - 2019/10

Y1 - 2019/10

N2 - Exposure to exogenous sex hormones with estrogenic or anti-androgen properties may influence intrauterine development of male genitals. This population-based cohort study based on data from 44,408 live-born singleton sons in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) aimed to investigate whether maternal use of oral contraceptives prior to or during early pregnancy increase the risk of cryptorchidism or hypospadias. We found no consistent association between use of oral contraceptives and cryptorchidism or hypospadias, neither in those exposed any time four months prior to conception [cryptorchidism: adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.06 (95% CI: 0.91; 1.23), hypospadias: 0.74 (95% CI: 0.53; 1.03)] nor in those exposed any time during the first trimester of pregnancy [cryptorchidism: aOR: 0.93 (95% CI: 0.53; 1.62), hypospadias: 1.02 (95% CI: 0.32; 3.23)]. Despite relatively strong exposure levels from oral contraceptive use in pregnancy, this study revealed no evidence of an increased risk of either two genital malformations.

AB - Exposure to exogenous sex hormones with estrogenic or anti-androgen properties may influence intrauterine development of male genitals. This population-based cohort study based on data from 44,408 live-born singleton sons in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) aimed to investigate whether maternal use of oral contraceptives prior to or during early pregnancy increase the risk of cryptorchidism or hypospadias. We found no consistent association between use of oral contraceptives and cryptorchidism or hypospadias, neither in those exposed any time four months prior to conception [cryptorchidism: adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.06 (95% CI: 0.91; 1.23), hypospadias: 0.74 (95% CI: 0.53; 1.03)] nor in those exposed any time during the first trimester of pregnancy [cryptorchidism: aOR: 0.93 (95% CI: 0.53; 1.62), hypospadias: 1.02 (95% CI: 0.32; 3.23)]. Despite relatively strong exposure levels from oral contraceptive use in pregnancy, this study revealed no evidence of an increased risk of either two genital malformations.

KW - Pregnancy

KW - Oral contraceptives

KW - Cryptorchidism

KW - Hypospadias

KW - Congenital abnormalities

U2 - 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.07.004

DO - 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.07.004

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 31299209

SN - 0890-6238

VL - 89

SP - 67

EP - 73

JO - Reproductive Toxicology

JF - Reproductive Toxicology

ER -