@article{66417e30359d11df8ed1000ea68e967b,
title = "Muscle after spinal cord injury",
abstract = "The morphological and contractile changes of muscles below the level of the lesion after spinal cord injury (SCI) are dramatic. In humans with SCI, a fiber-type transformation away from type I begins 4-7 months post-SCI and reaches a new steady state with predominantly fast glycolytic IIX fibers years after the injury. There is a progressive drop in the proportion of slow myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform fibers and a rise in the proportion of fibers that coexpress both the fast and slow MHC isoforms. The oxidative enzymatic activity starts to decline after the first few months post-SCI. Muscles from individuals with chronic SCI show less resistance to fatigue, and the speed-related contractile properties change, becoming faster. These findings are also present in animals. Future studies should longitudinally examine changes in muscles from early SCI until steady state is reached in order to determine optimal training protocols for maintaining skeletal muscle after paralysis.",
author = "Bo Biering-S{\o}rensen and Kristensen, {Ida Bruun} and Michael Kjaer and Fin Biering-S{\o}rensen",
note = "Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Cats; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Glycolysis; Humans; Male; Mice; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidation-Reduction; Rabbits; Rats; Regional Blood Flow; Spinal Cord Injuries Times Cited: 0ReviewEnglishBiering-Sorensen, BCopenhagen Univ Hosp, Clin Spinal Cord Injuries, Ctr Neurosci, Rigshosp, Havnevej 25, DK-3100 Hornbaek, DenmarkCited References Count: 106506SAJOHN WILEY & SONS INC111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USAHOBOKEN",
year = "2009",
doi = "10.1002/mus.21391",
language = "English",
volume = "40",
pages = "499--519",
journal = "Muscle & Nerve",
issn = "0148-639X",
publisher = "JohnWiley & Sons, Inc.",
number = "4",
}