Multimodal analgesia with gabapentin, ketamine and dexamethasone in combination with paracetamol and ketorolac after hip arthroplasty: a preliminary study

TY - JOUR

T1 - Multimodal analgesia with gabapentin, ketamine and dexamethasone in combination with paracetamol and ketorolac after hip arthroplasty: a preliminary study

AU - Rasmussen, Michael

AU - Mathiesen, Ole

AU - Dierking, Gerd

AU - Christensen, Birgitte V

AU - Hilsted, Karen L

AU - Larsen, Tommy K

AU - Dahl, Joergen B

AU - Christensen, Birgitte V

AU - Larsen, Tommy K

PY - 2010/4/1

Y1 - 2010/4/1

N2 - Background and objective It has been hypothesized that combinations of analgesics with different mechanisms of action may reduce or even prevent postoperative pain. We, therefore, investigated the analgesic effect of gabapentin, dexamethasone and low-dose ketamine in combination with paracetamol and ketorolac as compared with paracetamol and ketorolac alone after hip arthroplasty. Methods In this double-blind study, 42 patients were randomly assigned to either a combination group [gabapentin 1200mg + dexamethasone 8 mg + ketamine (0.15 mg kg -1) + paracetamol 1 g + ketorolac 15 mg] or a control group (placebo + paracetamol 1 g + ketorolac 15 mg). The medication was given preoperatively except for ketorolac, which was given at the end of surgery. Postoperative pain treatment was paracetamol 1 g ×3; ketorolac 15 mg ×3; and patient-controlled intravenous morphine. Morphine consumption, pain intensity at rest and during mobilization, nausea and vomiting, sedation, dizziness, hallucination and consumption of ondansetron were recorded 2, 4 and 24 h after operation. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Morphine consumption was not significantly different between groups (P=0.085). Overall pain scores were improved in the combination group as compared with the control group both at rest (P=0.042) and during mobilization (P=0.027). In the combination group, individual pain score above 30mm on a 100 mm visual analogue scale was almost eliminated. The incidence of side effects did not differ between the groups. Conclusion Preoperative gabapentin, dexamethasone and ketamine combined with paracetamol and ketorolac reduced overall pain scores in patients after hip arthroplasty as compared with paracetamol and ketorolac alone. Morphine consumption was not reduced.

AB - Background and objective It has been hypothesized that combinations of analgesics with different mechanisms of action may reduce or even prevent postoperative pain. We, therefore, investigated the analgesic effect of gabapentin, dexamethasone and low-dose ketamine in combination with paracetamol and ketorolac as compared with paracetamol and ketorolac alone after hip arthroplasty. Methods In this double-blind study, 42 patients were randomly assigned to either a combination group [gabapentin 1200mg + dexamethasone 8 mg + ketamine (0.15 mg kg -1) + paracetamol 1 g + ketorolac 15 mg] or a control group (placebo + paracetamol 1 g + ketorolac 15 mg). The medication was given preoperatively except for ketorolac, which was given at the end of surgery. Postoperative pain treatment was paracetamol 1 g ×3; ketorolac 15 mg ×3; and patient-controlled intravenous morphine. Morphine consumption, pain intensity at rest and during mobilization, nausea and vomiting, sedation, dizziness, hallucination and consumption of ondansetron were recorded 2, 4 and 24 h after operation. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Morphine consumption was not significantly different between groups (P=0.085). Overall pain scores were improved in the combination group as compared with the control group both at rest (P=0.042) and during mobilization (P=0.027). In the combination group, individual pain score above 30mm on a 100 mm visual analogue scale was almost eliminated. The incidence of side effects did not differ between the groups. Conclusion Preoperative gabapentin, dexamethasone and ketamine combined with paracetamol and ketorolac reduced overall pain scores in patients after hip arthroplasty as compared with paracetamol and ketorolac alone. Morphine consumption was not reduced.

U2 - 10.1097/eja.0b013e328331c71d

DO - 10.1097/eja.0b013e328331c71d

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0265-0215

VL - 27

SP - 324

EP - 330

JO - European Journal of Anaesthesiology

JF - European Journal of Anaesthesiology

IS - 4

ER -