TY - JOUR
T1 - Mixture genotoxicity of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, acrylamide and maleic hydrazide on human CaCo2 cells assessed with the comet assay
AU - Syberg, Kristian
AU - Binderup, Mona-Lise
AU - Cedergreen, Nina
AU - Rank, Jette
PY - 2015/3/19
Y1 - 2015/3/19
N2 - Assessment of genotoxic properties of chemicals is mainly conducted only for single chemicals, without taking mixture genotoxic effects into consideration. The current study assessed mixture effects of the three known genotoxic chemicals, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), acrylamide (AA), and maleic hydrazide (MH), in an experiment with a fixed ratio design setup. The genotoxic effects were assessed with the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay) for both single chemicals and the ternary mixture. The concentration ranges used were 0-1.4, 0-20, and 0-37.7 mM for 2,4-D, AA, and MH, respectively. Mixture toxicity was tested with a fixed ratio design at a 10:23:77% ratio for 2.4-D:AA:MH. Results indicated that the three chemicals yielded a synergistic mixture effect. It is not clear which mechanisms are responsible for this interaction. A few possible interactions are discussed, but further investigations including in vivo studies are needed to clarify how important these more-than-additive effects are for risk assessment.
AB - Assessment of genotoxic properties of chemicals is mainly conducted only for single chemicals, without taking mixture genotoxic effects into consideration. The current study assessed mixture effects of the three known genotoxic chemicals, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), acrylamide (AA), and maleic hydrazide (MH), in an experiment with a fixed ratio design setup. The genotoxic effects were assessed with the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay) for both single chemicals and the ternary mixture. The concentration ranges used were 0-1.4, 0-20, and 0-37.7 mM for 2,4-D, AA, and MH, respectively. Mixture toxicity was tested with a fixed ratio design at a 10:23:77% ratio for 2.4-D:AA:MH. Results indicated that the three chemicals yielded a synergistic mixture effect. It is not clear which mechanisms are responsible for this interaction. A few possible interactions are discussed, but further investigations including in vivo studies are needed to clarify how important these more-than-additive effects are for risk assessment.
U2 - 10.1080/15287394.2014.983626
DO - 10.1080/15287394.2014.983626
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 25734764
SN - 1528-7394
VL - 78
SP - 369
EP - 380
JO - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A: Current Issues
JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A: Current Issues
IS - 6
ER -