Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy, and offspring growth through 7 years of age: a prospective cohort study

TY - JOUR

T1 - Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy, and offspring growth through 7 years of age

T2 - a prospective cohort study

AU - Zhu, Yeyi

AU - Olsen, Sjurdur F

AU - Mendola, Pauline

AU - Halldorsson, Thorhallur I

AU - Rawal, Shristi

AU - Hinkle, Stefanie N

AU - Yeung, Edwina H

AU - Chavarro, Jorge E

AU - Grunnet, Louise G

AU - Granström, Charlotta

AU - Bjerregaard, Anne A

AU - Hu, Frank B

AU - Zhang, Cuilin

N1 - Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017. This work is written by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States.

PY - 2017/10/1

Y1 - 2017/10/1

N2 - Background: Artificial sweeteners are widely replacing caloric sweeteners. Data on long-term impact of artificially sweetened beverage (ASB) consumption during pregnancy on offspring obesity risk are lacking. We prospectively investigated intake of ASBs and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) during pregnancy in relation to offspring growth through age 7 years among high-risk children born to women with gestational diabetes. Methods: In a prospective study of 918 mother-singleton child dyads from the Danish National Birth Cohort, maternal dietary intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire during pregnancy. Offspring body mass index z-scores (BMIZ) and overweight/ obesity status were derived using weight and length/height at birth, 5 and 12 months and 7 years. Linear regression and Poisson regression with robust standard errors were used, adjusting for major risk factors. Results: Approximately half of women reported consuming ASBs during pregnancy and 9% consumed daily. Compared to never consumption, daily ASB intake during pregnancy was positively associated with offspring large-for-gestational age [adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.57; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.35 at birth], BMIZ (adjusted b 0.59; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.96) and overweight/obesity (aRR 1.93; 95% CI; 1.24, 3.01) at 7 years. Per-serving-per-day substitution of ASBs with water during pregnancy was related to a lower overweight/ obesity risk at 7 years (aRR 0.83; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.91), whereas SSB substitution with ASBs was not related to a lower risk (aRR 1.14; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.31). Conclusions: Our findings illustrated positive associations between intrauterine exposure to ASBs and birth size and risk of overweight/obesity at 7 years. Data with longer follow-up are warranted.

AB - Background: Artificial sweeteners are widely replacing caloric sweeteners. Data on long-term impact of artificially sweetened beverage (ASB) consumption during pregnancy on offspring obesity risk are lacking. We prospectively investigated intake of ASBs and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) during pregnancy in relation to offspring growth through age 7 years among high-risk children born to women with gestational diabetes. Methods: In a prospective study of 918 mother-singleton child dyads from the Danish National Birth Cohort, maternal dietary intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire during pregnancy. Offspring body mass index z-scores (BMIZ) and overweight/ obesity status were derived using weight and length/height at birth, 5 and 12 months and 7 years. Linear regression and Poisson regression with robust standard errors were used, adjusting for major risk factors. Results: Approximately half of women reported consuming ASBs during pregnancy and 9% consumed daily. Compared to never consumption, daily ASB intake during pregnancy was positively associated with offspring large-for-gestational age [adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.57; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.35 at birth], BMIZ (adjusted b 0.59; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.96) and overweight/obesity (aRR 1.93; 95% CI; 1.24, 3.01) at 7 years. Per-serving-per-day substitution of ASBs with water during pregnancy was related to a lower overweight/ obesity risk at 7 years (aRR 0.83; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.91), whereas SSB substitution with ASBs was not related to a lower risk (aRR 1.14; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.31). Conclusions: Our findings illustrated positive associations between intrauterine exposure to ASBs and birth size and risk of overweight/obesity at 7 years. Data with longer follow-up are warranted.

KW - Adult

KW - Beverages/adverse effects

KW - Body Mass Index

KW - Body Weight

KW - Child

KW - Denmark/epidemiology

KW - Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Linear Models

KW - Male

KW - Multivariate Analysis

KW - Overweight/epidemiology

KW - Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology

KW - Pregnancy

KW - Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena

KW - Prospective Studies

KW - Risk Factors

KW - Sweetening Agents/adverse effects

U2 - 10.1093/ije/dyx095

DO - 10.1093/ije/dyx095

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 28586472

SN - 0300-5771

VL - 46

SP - 1499

EP - 1508

JO - International Journal of Epidemiology

JF - International Journal of Epidemiology

IS - 5

ER -