Long-Term Impact of Diabetes in Pregnancy on Human Offspring Metabolism

TY - CHAP

T1 - Long-Term Impact of Diabetes in Pregnancy on Human Offspring Metabolism

AU - Kelstrup, Louise

AU - Clausen, Tine Dalsgaard

AU - Houshmand-Øregaard, Azadeh

AU - Mathiesen, Elisabeth Reinhardt

AU - Damm, Peter

PY - 2017/1/1

Y1 - 2017/1/1

N2 - Elevated blood glucose or hyperglycemia is the main clinical characteristic of all types of diabetes mellitus (DM). If a pregnant woman has diabetes, her fetus is exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia as glucose is an essential nutrient and transfers freely across the placental barrier. This earliest environmental exposure to maternal hyperglycemia in utero affects the individual adversely in both short- and long-time life span (Dabelea and Crume 2011; Metzger et al. 2008; Metzger 2007). From the early 1950s, the first literature on short-term clinical adverse outcomes in newborn children of mothers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) emerged. In the same decade, increased focus on pathophysiological mechanisms began and later the question arose on how exposure to intrauterine hyperglycemia affects the individual in the long-term perspective. Various clinical parameters related to obesity, glucose metabolism, cardiovascular profile, and cognitive function have been investigated so far and the field expanded over the years to include gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) as well as T1DM.

AB - Elevated blood glucose or hyperglycemia is the main clinical characteristic of all types of diabetes mellitus (DM). If a pregnant woman has diabetes, her fetus is exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia as glucose is an essential nutrient and transfers freely across the placental barrier. This earliest environmental exposure to maternal hyperglycemia in utero affects the individual adversely in both short- and long-time life span (Dabelea and Crume 2011; Metzger et al. 2008; Metzger 2007). From the early 1950s, the first literature on short-term clinical adverse outcomes in newborn children of mothers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) emerged. In the same decade, increased focus on pathophysiological mechanisms began and later the question arose on how exposure to intrauterine hyperglycemia affects the individual in the long-term perspective. Various clinical parameters related to obesity, glucose metabolism, cardiovascular profile, and cognitive function have been investigated so far and the field expanded over the years to include gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) as well as T1DM.

M3 - Book chapter

SN - 9781498770644

T3 - Oxidative Stress and Disease

SP - 255

EP - 268

BT - Fetal and Early Postnatal Programming and its Influence on Adult Health

A2 - Patel, Mulchand S.

A2 - Nielsen, Jens H.

PB - CRC Press

ER -