TY - JOUR
T1 - Lights and shades on an historical vaccine canine distemper virus, the Rockborn strain
AU - Martella, V.
AU - Blixenkrone-Møller, Merete
AU - Elia, G.
AU - Lucente, M.S.
AU - Cirone, F.
AU - Decaro, N.
AU - Nielsen, Line
AU - Bányai, K.
AU - Carmichael, L.E.
AU - Buonavoglia, C
N1 - Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PY - 2011/2/1
Y1 - 2011/2/1
N2 - Both egg- and cell-adapted canine distemper virus (CDV) vaccines are suspected to retain residual virulence, especially if administered to immuno-suppressed animals, very young pups or to highly susceptible animal species. In the early 1980s, post-vaccine encephalitis was reported in dogs from various parts of Britain after administration of a particular batch of combined CDV Rockborn strain/canine adenovirus type-1 vaccine, although incrimination of the Rockborn strain was subsequently retracted. Notwithstanding, this, and other reports, led to the view that the Rockborn strain is less attenuated and less safe than other CDV vaccines, and the Rockborn strain was officially withdrawn from the markets in the mid 1990s. By sequencing the H gene of the strain Rockborn from the 46th laboratory passage, and a commercial vaccine (Candur(®) SH+P, Hoechst Rousell Vet GmbH), the virus was found to differ from the commonly used vaccine strain, Onderstepoort (93.0% nt and 91.7% aa), and to resemble more closely (99.6% nt and 99.3% aa) a CDV strain detected in China from a Lesser Panda (Ailurus fulgens). An additional four CDV strains matching (>99% nt identity) the Rockborn virus were identified in the sequence databases. Also, Rockborn-like strains were identified in two vaccines currently in the market. These findings indicate that Rockborn-like viruses may be recovered from dogs or other carnivores with distemper, suggesting cases of residual virulence of vaccines, or circulation of vaccine-derived Rockborn-like viruses in the field.
AB - Both egg- and cell-adapted canine distemper virus (CDV) vaccines are suspected to retain residual virulence, especially if administered to immuno-suppressed animals, very young pups or to highly susceptible animal species. In the early 1980s, post-vaccine encephalitis was reported in dogs from various parts of Britain after administration of a particular batch of combined CDV Rockborn strain/canine adenovirus type-1 vaccine, although incrimination of the Rockborn strain was subsequently retracted. Notwithstanding, this, and other reports, led to the view that the Rockborn strain is less attenuated and less safe than other CDV vaccines, and the Rockborn strain was officially withdrawn from the markets in the mid 1990s. By sequencing the H gene of the strain Rockborn from the 46th laboratory passage, and a commercial vaccine (Candur(®) SH+P, Hoechst Rousell Vet GmbH), the virus was found to differ from the commonly used vaccine strain, Onderstepoort (93.0% nt and 91.7% aa), and to resemble more closely (99.6% nt and 99.3% aa) a CDV strain detected in China from a Lesser Panda (Ailurus fulgens). An additional four CDV strains matching (>99% nt identity) the Rockborn virus were identified in the sequence databases. Also, Rockborn-like strains were identified in two vaccines currently in the market. These findings indicate that Rockborn-like viruses may be recovered from dogs or other carnivores with distemper, suggesting cases of residual virulence of vaccines, or circulation of vaccine-derived Rockborn-like viruses in the field.
KW - Animals
KW - Distemper
KW - Distemper Virus, Canine
KW - Dogs
KW - Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated
KW - Great Britain
KW - History, 20th Century
KW - History, 21st Century
KW - Molecular Sequence Data
KW - RNA, Viral
KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA
KW - Sequence Homology
KW - Viral Vaccines
KW - Canine distemper virus
KW - Dog
KW - Vaccine
KW - Hemagglutinin
KW - Genotype
U2 - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.12.001
DO - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.12.001
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 21167117
SN - 0264-410X
VL - 29
SP - 1222
EP - 1227
JO - Vaccine
JF - Vaccine
IS - 6
ER -
