@article{1e4a2af6c8ac4e68b97af417c22088bd,
title = "Large-scale genomic analyses link reproductive aging to hypothalamic signaling, breast cancer susceptibility and BRCA1-mediated DNA repair",
abstract = "Menopause timing has a substantial impact on infertility and risk of disease, including breast cancer, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We report a dual strategy in ∼70,000 women to identify common and low-frequency protein-coding variation associated with age at natural menopause (ANM). We identified 44 regions with common variants, including two regions harboring additional rare missense alleles of large effect. We found enrichment of signals in or near genes involved in delayed puberty, highlighting the first molecular links between the onset and end of reproductive lifespan. Pathway analyses identified major association with DNA damage response (DDR) genes, including the first common coding variant in BRCA1 associated with any complex trait. Mendelian randomization analyses supported a causal effect of later ANM on breast cancer risk (∼6% increase in risk per year; P = 3 × 10(-14)), likely mediated by prolonged sex hormone exposure rather than DDR mechanisms.",
keywords = "Adult, Age Factors, Aging, BRCA1 Protein, Breast Neoplasms, DNA Repair, Female, Gene Regulatory Networks, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genomics, Genotype, Humans, Hypothalamus, Menopause, Middle Aged, Models, Genetic, Phenotype, Reproduction, Signal Transduction",
author = "Day, {Felix R} and Ruth, {Katherine S} and Thompson, {Deborah J} and Lunetta, {Kathryn L} and Natalia Pervjakova and Chasman, {Daniel I} and Lisette Stolk and Finucane, {Hilary K} and Patrick Sulem and Brendan Bulik-Sullivan and T{\~o}nu Esko and Johnson, {Andrew D} and Elks, {Cathy E} and Nora Franceschini and Chunyan He and Elisabeth Altmaier and Brody, {Jennifer A} and Franke, {Lude L} and Huffman, {Jennifer E} and Keller, {Margaux F} and McArdle, {Patrick F} and Teresa Nutile and Eleonora Porcu and Antonietta Robino and Rose, {Lynda M} and Schick, {Ursula M} and Smith, {Jennifer A} and Alexander Teumer and Michela Traglia and Dragana Vuckovic and Jie Yao and Wei Zhao and Eva Albrecht and Najaf Amin and Tanguy Corre and Jouke-Jan Hottenga and Massimo Mangino and Smith, {Albert V} and Toshiko Tanaka and Abecasis, {Gon{\c c}alo R} and Andrulis, {Irene L} and Hoda Anton-Culver and Antoniou, {Antonis C} and Volker Arndt and Arnold, {Alice M} and Caterina Barbieri and Beckmann, {Matthias W} and Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel and Bojesen, {Stig E} and Nordestgaard, {B{\o}rge G} and {PRACTICAL Consortium}",
year = "2015",
month = dec,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/ng.3412",
language = "English",
volume = "47",
pages = "1294--303 + 2 unpag.",
journal = "Nature Genetics",
issn = "1061-4036",
publisher = "nature publishing group",
number = "11",
}