Iron Regulation of Pancreatic Beta-Cell Functions and Oxidative Stress

TY - JOUR

T1 - Iron Regulation of Pancreatic Beta-Cell Functions and Oxidative Stress

AU - Backe, Marie Balslev

AU - Moen, Ingrid Wahl

AU - Ellervik, Christina

AU - Hansen, Jakob Bondo

AU - Mandrup-Poulsen, Thomas

PY - 2016/7/17

Y1 - 2016/7/17

N2 - Dietary advice is the cornerstone in first-line treatment of metabolic diseases. Nutritional interventions directed at these clinical conditions mainly aim to (a) improve insulin resistance by reducing energy-dense macronutrient intake to obtain weight loss and (b) reduce fluctuations in insulin secretion through avoidance of rapidly absorbable carbohydrates. However, even in the majority of motivated patients selected for clinical trials, massive efforts using this approach have failed to achieve lasting efficacy. Less attention has been given to the role of micronutrients in metabolic diseases. Here, we review the evidence that highlights (a) the importance of iron in pancreatic beta-cell function and dysfunction in diabetes and (b) the integrative pathophysiological effects of tissue iron levels in the interactions among the beta cell, gut microbiome, hypothalamus, innate and adaptive immune systems, and insulin-sensitive tissues. We propose that clinical trials are warranted to clarify the impact of dietary or pharmacological iron reduction on the development of metabolic disorders.

AB - Dietary advice is the cornerstone in first-line treatment of metabolic diseases. Nutritional interventions directed at these clinical conditions mainly aim to (a) improve insulin resistance by reducing energy-dense macronutrient intake to obtain weight loss and (b) reduce fluctuations in insulin secretion through avoidance of rapidly absorbable carbohydrates. However, even in the majority of motivated patients selected for clinical trials, massive efforts using this approach have failed to achieve lasting efficacy. Less attention has been given to the role of micronutrients in metabolic diseases. Here, we review the evidence that highlights (a) the importance of iron in pancreatic beta-cell function and dysfunction in diabetes and (b) the integrative pathophysiological effects of tissue iron levels in the interactions among the beta cell, gut microbiome, hypothalamus, innate and adaptive immune systems, and insulin-sensitive tissues. We propose that clinical trials are warranted to clarify the impact of dietary or pharmacological iron reduction on the development of metabolic disorders.

U2 - 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050939

DO - 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050939

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 27146016

SN - 0199-9885

VL - 36

SP - 241

EP - 273

JO - Annual Review of Nutrition

JF - Annual Review of Nutrition

ER -