TY - JOUR
T1 - Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Are at Increased Risk of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease
T2 - A Nationwide Danish Cohort Study 1977-2013
AU - Kantsø, Bjørn
AU - Simonsen, Jacob
AU - Hoffmann, Steen
AU - Valentiner-Branth, Palle
AU - Petersen, Andreas Munk
AU - Jess, Tine
PY - 2015/11/1
Y1 - 2015/11/1
N2 - OBJECTIVES: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic diseases characterized by an inappropriate immune response, which may also increase the risk of infections. We investigated the risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) before and after diagnosis of IBD in a population-based cohort study.METHODS: In a cohort of 74,156 IBD patients and 1,482,363 non-IBD controls included and followed during 1977-2013, hazard rate ratios (HRs) for IPD in IBD patients vs. controls were calculated by Cox regression. Within the IBD group, we also calculated the risk according to ever use of specific IBD medications. Next, using conditional logistic regression, we evaluated the odds of IPD prior to IBD diagnosis.RESULTS: The HRs for IPD within the first 6 months after IBD diagnosis were significantly and more than threefold increased and then decreased to a constant level, which for CD was significantly increased (approximately twofold, HR, 1.99; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.59-2.49) and for UC non-significantly just above 1. IBD medication use including tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists had limited impact on the risk of IPD, although having ever used azathioprine increased the risk of IPD in patients with UC (HR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.00-5.67). Up to 4 years prior to IBD diagnosis, the odds ratio for IPD was significantly increased (UC HR, 1.51, 95% CI, 1.05-2.17; CD HR, 1.79, 95% CI, 1.05-3.03).CONCLUSIONS: The risk of IPD is significantly increased both before and after diagnosis of IBD, with limited impact of IBD medications. This suggests that the risk of IPD in patients with IBD is related to the underlying altered immune response in these patients.
AB - OBJECTIVES: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic diseases characterized by an inappropriate immune response, which may also increase the risk of infections. We investigated the risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) before and after diagnosis of IBD in a population-based cohort study.METHODS: In a cohort of 74,156 IBD patients and 1,482,363 non-IBD controls included and followed during 1977-2013, hazard rate ratios (HRs) for IPD in IBD patients vs. controls were calculated by Cox regression. Within the IBD group, we also calculated the risk according to ever use of specific IBD medications. Next, using conditional logistic regression, we evaluated the odds of IPD prior to IBD diagnosis.RESULTS: The HRs for IPD within the first 6 months after IBD diagnosis were significantly and more than threefold increased and then decreased to a constant level, which for CD was significantly increased (approximately twofold, HR, 1.99; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.59-2.49) and for UC non-significantly just above 1. IBD medication use including tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists had limited impact on the risk of IPD, although having ever used azathioprine increased the risk of IPD in patients with UC (HR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.00-5.67). Up to 4 years prior to IBD diagnosis, the odds ratio for IPD was significantly increased (UC HR, 1.51, 95% CI, 1.05-2.17; CD HR, 1.79, 95% CI, 1.05-3.03).CONCLUSIONS: The risk of IPD is significantly increased both before and after diagnosis of IBD, with limited impact of IBD medications. This suggests that the risk of IPD in patients with IBD is related to the underlying altered immune response in these patients.
KW - Adolescent
KW - Adult
KW - Aged
KW - Azathioprine
KW - Case-Control Studies
KW - Child
KW - Child, Preschool
KW - Colitis, Ulcerative
KW - Crohn Disease
KW - Denmark
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Immunosuppressive Agents
KW - Infant
KW - Infant, Newborn
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Pneumococcal Infections
KW - Proportional Hazards Models
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
KW - Young Adult
U2 - 10.1038/ajg.2015.284
DO - 10.1038/ajg.2015.284
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 26346865
SN - 0002-9270
VL - 110
SP - 1582
EP - 1587
JO - The American Journal of Gastroenterology
JF - The American Journal of Gastroenterology
IS - 11
ER -