TY - JOUR
T1 - Incretin-based treatment of type 2 diabetes: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.
AU - Deacon, Carolyn F
N1 - Keywords: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Incretins; Insulin; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Receptors, Glucagon
PY - 2007
Y1 - 2007
N2 - Incretins are gut peptides that potentiate nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion following meal ingestion. Activities of the dominant incretins, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, include glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion and, in preclinical models, improvement in islet beta-cell mass. GLP-1 additionally reduces glucagon secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and promotes satiety. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit reduced total and intact GLP-1 levels, and exogenous administration of the hormone via continuous infusion results in glucose profiles similar to those in non-diabetic subjects. Incretins are rapidly degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). Thus, strategies to enhance incretin activity have included development of GLP-1 receptor agonists resistant to the action of DPP-4 (e.g. exenatide and liraglutide) and DPP-4 inhibitors that act to increase concentrations of endogenous intact incretins (e.g. sitagliptin and vildagliptin). Clinical trials of these incretin-based therapies have shown them to be effective in improving glycaemic control in patients with T2DM.
AB - Incretins are gut peptides that potentiate nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion following meal ingestion. Activities of the dominant incretins, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, include glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion and, in preclinical models, improvement in islet beta-cell mass. GLP-1 additionally reduces glucagon secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and promotes satiety. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit reduced total and intact GLP-1 levels, and exogenous administration of the hormone via continuous infusion results in glucose profiles similar to those in non-diabetic subjects. Incretins are rapidly degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). Thus, strategies to enhance incretin activity have included development of GLP-1 receptor agonists resistant to the action of DPP-4 (e.g. exenatide and liraglutide) and DPP-4 inhibitors that act to increase concentrations of endogenous intact incretins (e.g. sitagliptin and vildagliptin). Clinical trials of these incretin-based therapies have shown them to be effective in improving glycaemic control in patients with T2DM.
U2 - 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00765.x
DO - 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00765.x
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 17877544
SN - 1462-8902
VL - 9 Suppl 1
SP - 23
EP - 31
JO - Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
JF - Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
ER -
