Gut microbiota alterations and dietary modulation in childhood malnutrition - The role of short chain fatty acids

TY - JOUR

T1 - Gut microbiota alterations and dietary modulation in childhood malnutrition - The role of short chain fatty acids

AU - Pekmez, Ceyda Tugba

AU - Dragsted, Lars Ove

AU - Brahe, Lena Kirchner

N1 - CURIS 2019 NEXS 108

PY - 2019/4

Y1 - 2019/4

N2 - The gut microbiome affects the health status of the host through different mechanisms and is associated with a wide variety of diseases. Both childhood undernutrition and obesity are linked to alterations in composition and functionality of the gut microbiome. One of the possible mechanisms underlying the interplay between microbiota and host metabolism is through appetite-regulating hormones (including leptin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1). Short chain fatty acids, the end product of bacterial fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates, might be able to alter energy harvest and metabolism through enteroendocrine cell signaling, adipogenesis and insulin-like growth factor-1 production. Elucidating these mechanisms may lead to development of new modulation practices of the gut microbiota as a potential prevention and treatment strategy for childhood malnutrition. The present overview will briefly outline the gut microbiota development in the early life, gut microbiota alterations in childhood undernutrition and obesity, and whether this relationship is causal. Further we will discuss possible underlying mechanisms in relation to the gut-brain axis and short chain fatty acids, and the potential of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics for modulating the gut microbiota during childhood as a prevention and treatment strategy against undernutrition and obesity.

AB - The gut microbiome affects the health status of the host through different mechanisms and is associated with a wide variety of diseases. Both childhood undernutrition and obesity are linked to alterations in composition and functionality of the gut microbiome. One of the possible mechanisms underlying the interplay between microbiota and host metabolism is through appetite-regulating hormones (including leptin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1). Short chain fatty acids, the end product of bacterial fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates, might be able to alter energy harvest and metabolism through enteroendocrine cell signaling, adipogenesis and insulin-like growth factor-1 production. Elucidating these mechanisms may lead to development of new modulation practices of the gut microbiota as a potential prevention and treatment strategy for childhood malnutrition. The present overview will briefly outline the gut microbiota development in the early life, gut microbiota alterations in childhood undernutrition and obesity, and whether this relationship is causal. Further we will discuss possible underlying mechanisms in relation to the gut-brain axis and short chain fatty acids, and the potential of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics for modulating the gut microbiota during childhood as a prevention and treatment strategy against undernutrition and obesity.

KW - Faculty of Science

KW - Gut-brain axis

KW - Gut peptides

KW - Obesity

KW - Prebiotics

KW - Probiotics

KW - Synbiotics

U2 - 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.014

DO - 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.014

M3 - Review

C2 - 29496274

SN - 0261-5614

VL - 38

SP - 615

EP - 630

JO - Clinical Nutrition

JF - Clinical Nutrition

IS - 2

ER -