Graphene Derivatives as Electrode Material: From Macroscopic to Microscopic Applications

Martin Kühnel

Graphene Derivatives as Electrode Material: From Macroscopic to Microscopic Applications

Martin Kühnel

Abstract

Theworkpresentedinthisthesisisfocussingontheutilizationofgraphenederivativesas
electrodematerialindifferentapplications.Itcanbedividedintotwomainapplications.The
firstisregardingprintingoflarge-areathinfilmsofreduced grapheneoxide,andtheelectron
conductanceofthese.Thesecondisfocussingonmolecularelectronicdevices,andhowgraphene
derivativescanbeimplementedasantopelectrode.
Large-areathinfilmsofreducedgrapheneoxidewereinvestigated,asapotentialmaterial
forfabricationoftransparentandflexibleelectrodesatan industrialscale.Differentvariations
oftheHummers’oxidationreactionwasutilizedtoproducegrapheneoxidefromgraphite.A
grapheneoxidesuspensionwasup-concentratedintoahighly viscousaqueousgrapheneoxide
ink.Theinkwasscreenprintedintomacroscopicelectrodestructures.Theinsulatinggraphene
oxideelectrodeswerereducedwithhydroiodicacidvapourintosemi-transparent,flexibleand
conductivereducedgrapheneoxideelectrodes.
Itwasshownthatmicroscopicstructuresinthethinfilms,introducedbytheprintingpro-
cess,influencedtheoptoelectronicpropertiesofthereducedgrapheneoxideelectrodes.The-
refore,wesetouttoinvestigatethechargetransportinreducedgrapheneoxidethinfilms,
inordertoimprovethenext-generationgrapheneoxideinks forscreenprintingmacroscopic
electrodes.Itwasfound,thatbettercontroloverthephysicalpropertiesofthegrapheneoxide
inkwasofdemandforprintingofhighlytransparentandconductiveelectrodes.
Anotherfindingfromthechargetransportstudies,wasthatan improvedqualityofredu-
cedgrapheneoxideshowednearlytemperatureindependentchargetransport.Thisfinding
openedupforlowtemperatureconductancemeasurementsand InelasticElectronTunnelling
spectroscopyoflargeareamolecularmonolayers.
Theusabilityofgrapheneoxideinmolecularsolidstatedeviceswasfurtherinvestigated.It
wasshownthatasinglesheetofgrapheneoxidecouldfunction asamonoatomicprotectionlayer
inmolecularjunctions,preservingtheintegrityofthemolecularmonolayer.TheLangmuir-
Blodgetttechniquewasutilizedfortheassemblyandtransferofloosely-packedmonolayered
filmsofgrapheneoxidesheet.
Itwasinvestigatedwhethermonolayeredchemicalvapourdepositiongrowngraphenecould
beutilizedasalowelectric-fieldscreeningelectrode,intopgatedmolecularelectronicdevicesof
large-areaself-assembledmonolayersofmolecules.Sofar thefabricationofatopgateddevices
withoutmoleculeshasbeendemonstrated.Thegatingeffectin themonolayeredgraphene
electrodewasmeasuredforaseriesofdifferentdielectriclayers,inordertofindthemostsuitable
dielectricmaterialforthefabricationofverticalmolecularfield-effecttunnellingtransistors.

Originalsprog	Engelsk

Forlag	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen
Status	Udgivet - 2017

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@phdthesis{d9e1433c008a4632a9caec11720a1837,

title = "Graphene Derivatives as Electrode Material: From Macroscopic to Microscopic Applications ",

abstract = "Theworkpresentedinthisthesisisfocussingontheutilizationofgraphenederivativesaselectrodematerialindifferentapplications.Itcanbedividedintotwomainapplications.Thefirstisregardingprintingoflarge-areathinfilmsofreduced grapheneoxide,andtheelectronconductanceofthese.Thesecondisfocussingonmolecularelectronicdevices,andhowgraphenederivativescanbeimplementedasantopelectrode.Large-areathinfilmsofreducedgrapheneoxidewereinvestigated,asapotentialmaterialforfabricationoftransparentandflexibleelectrodesatan industrialscale.DifferentvariationsoftheHummers{\textquoteright}oxidationreactionwasutilizedtoproducegrapheneoxidefromgraphite.Agrapheneoxidesuspensionwasup-concentratedintoahighly viscousaqueousgrapheneoxideink.Theinkwasscreenprintedintomacroscopicelectrodestructures.Theinsulatinggrapheneoxideelectrodeswerereducedwithhydroiodicacidvapourintosemi-transparent,flexibleandconductivereducedgrapheneoxideelectrodes.Itwasshownthatmicroscopicstructuresinthethinfilms,introducedbytheprintingpro-cess,influencedtheoptoelectronicpropertiesofthereducedgrapheneoxideelectrodes.The-refore,wesetouttoinvestigatethechargetransportinreducedgrapheneoxidethinfilms,inordertoimprovethenext-generationgrapheneoxideinks forscreenprintingmacroscopicelectrodes.Itwasfound,thatbettercontroloverthephysicalpropertiesofthegrapheneoxideinkwasofdemandforprintingofhighlytransparentandconductiveelectrodes.Anotherfindingfromthechargetransportstudies,wasthatan improvedqualityofredu-cedgrapheneoxideshowednearlytemperatureindependentchargetransport.Thisfindingopenedupforlowtemperatureconductancemeasurementsand InelasticElectronTunnellingspectroscopyoflargeareamolecularmonolayers.Theusabilityofgrapheneoxideinmolecularsolidstatedeviceswasfurtherinvestigated.Itwasshownthatasinglesheetofgrapheneoxidecouldfunction asamonoatomicprotectionlayerinmolecularjunctions,preservingtheintegrityofthemolecularmonolayer.TheLangmuir-Blodgetttechniquewasutilizedfortheassemblyandtransferofloosely-packedmonolayeredfilmsofgrapheneoxidesheet.Itwasinvestigatedwhethermonolayeredchemicalvapourdepositiongrowngraphenecouldbeutilizedasalowelectric-fieldscreeningelectrode,intopgatedmolecularelectronicdevicesoflarge-areaself-assembledmonolayersofmolecules.Sofar thefabricationofatopgateddeviceswithoutmoleculeshasbeendemonstrated.Thegatingeffectin themonolayeredgrapheneelectrodewasmeasuredforaseriesofdifferentdielectriclayers,inordertofindthemostsuitabledielectricmaterialforthefabricationofverticalmolecularfield-effecttunnellingtransistors.",

author = "Martin K{\"u}hnel",

year = "2017",

language = "English",

publisher = "Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen",

}

TY - BOOK

T1 - Graphene Derivatives as Electrode Material

T2 - From Macroscopic to Microscopic Applications

AU - Kühnel, Martin

PY - 2017

Y1 - 2017

N2 - Theworkpresentedinthisthesisisfocussingontheutilizationofgraphenederivativesaselectrodematerialindifferentapplications.Itcanbedividedintotwomainapplications.Thefirstisregardingprintingoflarge-areathinfilmsofreduced grapheneoxide,andtheelectronconductanceofthese.Thesecondisfocussingonmolecularelectronicdevices,andhowgraphenederivativescanbeimplementedasantopelectrode.Large-areathinfilmsofreducedgrapheneoxidewereinvestigated,asapotentialmaterialforfabricationoftransparentandflexibleelectrodesatan industrialscale.DifferentvariationsoftheHummers’oxidationreactionwasutilizedtoproducegrapheneoxidefromgraphite.Agrapheneoxidesuspensionwasup-concentratedintoahighly viscousaqueousgrapheneoxideink.Theinkwasscreenprintedintomacroscopicelectrodestructures.Theinsulatinggrapheneoxideelectrodeswerereducedwithhydroiodicacidvapourintosemi-transparent,flexibleandconductivereducedgrapheneoxideelectrodes.Itwasshownthatmicroscopicstructuresinthethinfilms,introducedbytheprintingpro-cess,influencedtheoptoelectronicpropertiesofthereducedgrapheneoxideelectrodes.The-refore,wesetouttoinvestigatethechargetransportinreducedgrapheneoxidethinfilms,inordertoimprovethenext-generationgrapheneoxideinks forscreenprintingmacroscopicelectrodes.Itwasfound,thatbettercontroloverthephysicalpropertiesofthegrapheneoxideinkwasofdemandforprintingofhighlytransparentandconductiveelectrodes.Anotherfindingfromthechargetransportstudies,wasthatan improvedqualityofredu-cedgrapheneoxideshowednearlytemperatureindependentchargetransport.Thisfindingopenedupforlowtemperatureconductancemeasurementsand InelasticElectronTunnellingspectroscopyoflargeareamolecularmonolayers.Theusabilityofgrapheneoxideinmolecularsolidstatedeviceswasfurtherinvestigated.Itwasshownthatasinglesheetofgrapheneoxidecouldfunction asamonoatomicprotectionlayerinmolecularjunctions,preservingtheintegrityofthemolecularmonolayer.TheLangmuir-Blodgetttechniquewasutilizedfortheassemblyandtransferofloosely-packedmonolayeredfilmsofgrapheneoxidesheet.Itwasinvestigatedwhethermonolayeredchemicalvapourdepositiongrowngraphenecouldbeutilizedasalowelectric-fieldscreeningelectrode,intopgatedmolecularelectronicdevicesoflarge-areaself-assembledmonolayersofmolecules.Sofar thefabricationofatopgateddeviceswithoutmoleculeshasbeendemonstrated.Thegatingeffectin themonolayeredgrapheneelectrodewasmeasuredforaseriesofdifferentdielectriclayers,inordertofindthemostsuitabledielectricmaterialforthefabricationofverticalmolecularfield-effecttunnellingtransistors.

AB - Theworkpresentedinthisthesisisfocussingontheutilizationofgraphenederivativesaselectrodematerialindifferentapplications.Itcanbedividedintotwomainapplications.Thefirstisregardingprintingoflarge-areathinfilmsofreduced grapheneoxide,andtheelectronconductanceofthese.Thesecondisfocussingonmolecularelectronicdevices,andhowgraphenederivativescanbeimplementedasantopelectrode.Large-areathinfilmsofreducedgrapheneoxidewereinvestigated,asapotentialmaterialforfabricationoftransparentandflexibleelectrodesatan industrialscale.DifferentvariationsoftheHummers’oxidationreactionwasutilizedtoproducegrapheneoxidefromgraphite.Agrapheneoxidesuspensionwasup-concentratedintoahighly viscousaqueousgrapheneoxideink.Theinkwasscreenprintedintomacroscopicelectrodestructures.Theinsulatinggrapheneoxideelectrodeswerereducedwithhydroiodicacidvapourintosemi-transparent,flexibleandconductivereducedgrapheneoxideelectrodes.Itwasshownthatmicroscopicstructuresinthethinfilms,introducedbytheprintingpro-cess,influencedtheoptoelectronicpropertiesofthereducedgrapheneoxideelectrodes.The-refore,wesetouttoinvestigatethechargetransportinreducedgrapheneoxidethinfilms,inordertoimprovethenext-generationgrapheneoxideinks forscreenprintingmacroscopicelectrodes.Itwasfound,thatbettercontroloverthephysicalpropertiesofthegrapheneoxideinkwasofdemandforprintingofhighlytransparentandconductiveelectrodes.Anotherfindingfromthechargetransportstudies,wasthatan improvedqualityofredu-cedgrapheneoxideshowednearlytemperatureindependentchargetransport.Thisfindingopenedupforlowtemperatureconductancemeasurementsand InelasticElectronTunnellingspectroscopyoflargeareamolecularmonolayers.Theusabilityofgrapheneoxideinmolecularsolidstatedeviceswasfurtherinvestigated.Itwasshownthatasinglesheetofgrapheneoxidecouldfunction asamonoatomicprotectionlayerinmolecularjunctions,preservingtheintegrityofthemolecularmonolayer.TheLangmuir-Blodgetttechniquewasutilizedfortheassemblyandtransferofloosely-packedmonolayeredfilmsofgrapheneoxidesheet.Itwasinvestigatedwhethermonolayeredchemicalvapourdepositiongrowngraphenecouldbeutilizedasalowelectric-fieldscreeningelectrode,intopgatedmolecularelectronicdevicesoflarge-areaself-assembledmonolayersofmolecules.Sofar thefabricationofatopgateddeviceswithoutmoleculeshasbeendemonstrated.Thegatingeffectin themonolayeredgrapheneelectrodewasmeasuredforaseriesofdifferentdielectriclayers,inordertofindthemostsuitabledielectricmaterialforthefabricationofverticalmolecularfield-effecttunnellingtransistors.

UR - https://rex.kb.dk/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=KGL01010613018&context=L&vid=NUI&search_scope=KGL&tab=default_tab&lang=da_DK

M3 - Ph.D. thesis

BT - Graphene Derivatives as Electrode Material

PB - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen

ER -

Graphene Derivatives as Electrode Material: From Macroscopic to Microscopic Applications

Abstract

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