GPR119 as a fat sensor

TY - JOUR

T1 - GPR119 as a fat sensor

AU - Hansen, Harald S

AU - Rosenkilde, Mette M

AU - Holst, Jens Juul

AU - Schwartz, Thue W

N1 - Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PY - 2012/7

Y1 - 2012/7

N2 - The GPR119 receptor is expressed predominantly in pancreatic β cells and in enteroendocrine cells. It is a major target for the development of anti-diabetic drugs that through GPR119 activation may stimulate both insulin and GLP-1 release. GPR119 can be activated by oleoylethanolamide and several other endogenous lipids containing oleic acid: these include N-oleoyl-dopamine, 1-oleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, generated in the tissue, and 2-oleoyl glycerol generated in the gut lumen. Thus, the well-known stimulation of GLP-1 release by dietary fat is probably not only mediated by free fatty acids acting through, for example, GPR40, but is also probably mediated in large part through the luminal formation of 2-monoacylglycerol acting on the 'fat sensor' GPR119. In the pancreas GPR119 may also be stimulated by 2-monoacylglycerol generated from local turnover of pancreatic triacylglycerol. Knowledge about the endogenous physiological ligands and their mode of interaction with GPR119 will be crucial for the development of efficient second-generation modulators of this important drug target.

AB - The GPR119 receptor is expressed predominantly in pancreatic β cells and in enteroendocrine cells. It is a major target for the development of anti-diabetic drugs that through GPR119 activation may stimulate both insulin and GLP-1 release. GPR119 can be activated by oleoylethanolamide and several other endogenous lipids containing oleic acid: these include N-oleoyl-dopamine, 1-oleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, generated in the tissue, and 2-oleoyl glycerol generated in the gut lumen. Thus, the well-known stimulation of GLP-1 release by dietary fat is probably not only mediated by free fatty acids acting through, for example, GPR40, but is also probably mediated in large part through the luminal formation of 2-monoacylglycerol acting on the 'fat sensor' GPR119. In the pancreas GPR119 may also be stimulated by 2-monoacylglycerol generated from local turnover of pancreatic triacylglycerol. Knowledge about the endogenous physiological ligands and their mode of interaction with GPR119 will be crucial for the development of efficient second-generation modulators of this important drug target.

KW - Animals

KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

KW - Drug Design

KW - Humans

KW - Hypoglycemic Agents

KW - Mice

KW - Mice, Transgenic

KW - Molecular Targeted Therapy

KW - Oleic Acids

KW - Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled

U2 - 10.1016/j.tips.2012.03.014

DO - 10.1016/j.tips.2012.03.014

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 22560300

SN - 0165-6147

VL - 33

SP - 374

EP - 381

JO - Trends in Pharmacological Sciences

JF - Trends in Pharmacological Sciences

IS - 7

ER -