Gender Gaps in the Effects of Childhood Family Environment: Do They Persist into Adulthood?

TY - JOUR

T1 - Gender Gaps in the Effects of Childhood Family Environment

T2 - Do They Persist into Adulthood?

AU - Brenøe, Anne Ardila

AU - Lundberg, Shelly

PY - 2018/10

Y1 - 2018/10

N2 - We examine the differential effects of family disadvantage on the education and adult labor market outcomes of men and women using high-quality administrative data on the entire population of Denmark born between 1966 and 1995. We link parental education and family structure during childhood to male–female and brother–sister differences in adolescent outcomes, educational attainment, and adult earnings and employment. Our results are consistent with U.S. findings that boys benefit more from an advantageous family environment than do girls in terms of grade-school outcomes. Father's education, which has not been examined in previous studies, is particularly important for sons. However, we find a very different pattern of parental influence on adult outcomes. Gender gaps in educational attainment, employment, and earnings are increasing in maternal education, benefiting daughters. Paternal education decreases the gender gaps in educational attainment (favoring sons) and labor market outcomes (favoring daughters). We conclude that differences in the behavior of school-aged boys and girls may be poor proxies for differences in skills that drive longer-term outcomes.

AB - We examine the differential effects of family disadvantage on the education and adult labor market outcomes of men and women using high-quality administrative data on the entire population of Denmark born between 1966 and 1995. We link parental education and family structure during childhood to male–female and brother–sister differences in adolescent outcomes, educational attainment, and adult earnings and employment. Our results are consistent with U.S. findings that boys benefit more from an advantageous family environment than do girls in terms of grade-school outcomes. Father's education, which has not been examined in previous studies, is particularly important for sons. However, we find a very different pattern of parental influence on adult outcomes. Gender gaps in educational attainment, employment, and earnings are increasing in maternal education, benefiting daughters. Paternal education decreases the gender gaps in educational attainment (favoring sons) and labor market outcomes (favoring daughters). We conclude that differences in the behavior of school-aged boys and girls may be poor proxies for differences in skills that drive longer-term outcomes.

KW - Faculty of Social Sciences

KW - Gender gap

KW - Parental education

KW - Family structure

KW - Education

KW - Labor market outcomes

KW - I20

KW - J1

KW - J2

KW - J3

U2 - 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2017.04.004

DO - 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2017.04.004

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0014-2921

VL - 109

SP - 42

EP - 62

JO - European Economic Review

JF - European Economic Review

ER -