Flexicurity and Collective Bargaining: Balancing Acts across Sectors and Countries

Christian Lyhne Ibsen; Mikkel Mailand Simonsen

Flexicurity and Collective Bargaining: Balancing Acts across Sectors and Countries

Christian Lyhne Ibsen, Mikkel Mailand Simonsen

FAOS

Abstract

Grundtanken i flexicurity er, at man ved at kombinere høj fleksibilitet i brugen af arbejdskraft med høj social sikkerhed for arbejdstagere kan opnå efficiente arbejdsmarkeder uden at udsætte arbejdskraften for sociale risici. Hidtil har forskerne primært koncentreret sig om statslig regulering af fleksibilitet og sikkerhed samt dennes effekt på arbejdsmarkedet. Men nok så vigtigt for balancerne mellem fleksibilitet og sikkerhed er de kollektive forhandlinger, der fastsætter løn- og arbejdsvilkår for en betydelig del af arbejdsmarkederne i Europa.

Dette forskningsnotat analyserer og sammenligner kollektive forhandlinger og overenskomsters betydning for udvikling af flexicurity inden for den grafiske industri og elektrikerfaget i henholdsvis Storbritannien, Danmark, og Spanien. Studiet er primært baseret på tekstanalyse af de tre landes kollektive aftaler i den grafiske branche og elektrikerbranchen samt 22 interview med arbejdsmarkedets parter i de valgte brancher.

Forskningsnotatets hovedkonklusion er, at kollektive overenskomster særligt i Danmark, men også i Storbritannien bidrager til flexicurity, hvorimod de spanske aftaler gør dette i mindre grad. Grundlæggende medvirker rammeoverenskomster på løn til at kombinere fleksibilitet med sikkerhed i alle tre lande. Minimumssatser giver en vis indkomstsikkerhed i skiftende ansættelser og økonomiske nedgangstider, samtidig med at virksomheder kan indføre fleksible lønsystemer. Den samme logik gælder arbejdstid, men her må balancerne mellem arbejdstidsfleksibilitet og kombinationssikkerhed siges at være ekstremt komplekse og afhængige af de lokale omstændigheder. Et forhold, der kan kompensere for den øgede arbejdstidsfleksibilitet er indførslen af de såkaldte sociale bestemmelser for barsel/forældreorlov i aftalerne. Disse kan øge indkomstsikkerhed og kombinationssikkerhed. Også bestemmelser om løn under sygdom i overenskomster kan siges at bidrage til begge disse former for sikkerhed. Rettighederne til ydelserne i de danske overenskomster overgår, hvad man kan få i de to andre lande - særligt på barselsområdet og særligt i forhold til Spanien.

Et punkt, hvor de tre lande også adskiller sig, er på efteruddannelsesområdet, hvor de danske rettigheder langt overgår, hvad man har opnået i de britiske og spanske overenskomster. Den særlige form for koordination på tværs af brancher i Danmark ser ud til at være en hovedårsag til, at man kan påtage sig uddannelsesopgaven, som må siges at være af samfundsøkonomisk betydning.

Forfatterne til forskningsnotatet vurderer desuden, at de nødvendige forudsætninger for, at de kollektive overenskomster bidrager til flexicurity, er en vis grad af autonomi til parterne og bredde i de mulige forhandlingsemner samt gensidig tillid mellem ligeværdige parter. Da disse forudsætninger kun er til stede i få lande, kan man derfor også stille spørgsmål ved muligheden for overførsel af erfaringer mellem lande. Læring af de positive erfaringer fra Danmark og Storbritannien synes derfor problematisk med den generelle svækkelse af branche-overenskomster i mange lande in mente.

Fra forskningsnotatets resultater synes det dog ikke desto mindre klart, at under de rette omstændigheder er kollektive forhandlinger og aftaler stærkt bidragende til udvikling af flexicurity.

Originalsprog	Engelsk

Forlag	Museum Tusculanum
Antal sider	180
ISBN (Trykt)	9788791833410
Status	Udgivet - 2009

Navn	FAOS Forskningsnotat
Nummer	102

Emneord

Det Samfundsvidenskabelige Fakultet
Kollektive forhandling
komparativ forskning
Flexicurity

Adgang til dokumentet

http://faos.ku.dk/pdf/forskningsnotater/forskningsnotater_2009/fnotat102.pdf/

Citationsformater

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Flexicurity and Collective Bargaining: Balancing Acts across Sectors and Countries

Abstract

Emneord

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Citationsformater