Extreme emission of n2o from tropical wetland soil (pantanal, South America)

Lars Liengård Holten Møller; Lars Peter Nielsen; Niels Peter Revsbech; Anders Priemé; Bo Elberling; Alex Enrich-Prast; Michael Kühl

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00433

Extreme emission of n₂o from tropical wetland soil (pantanal, South America)

Lars Liengård Holten Møller, Lars Peter Nielsen, Niels Peter Revsbech, Anders Priemé, Bo Elberling, Alex Enrich-Prast, Michael Kühl

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Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N(2)O) is an important greenhouse gas and ozone depleter, but the global budget of N(2)O remains unbalanced. Currently, ~25% of the global N(2)O emission is ascribed to uncultivated tropical soils, but the exact locations and controlling mechanisms are not clear. Here we present the first study of soil N(2)O emission from the Pantanal indicating that this South American wetland may be a significant natural source of N(2)O. At three sites, we repeatedly measured in situ fluxes of N(2)O and sampled porewater nitrate [Formula: see text] during the low water season in 2008 and 2009. In 2010, 10 sites were screened for in situ fluxes of N(2)O and soil [Formula: see text] content. The in situ fluxes of N(2)O were comparable to fluxes from heavily fertilized forests or agricultural soils. An important parameter affecting N(2)O emission rate was precipitation, inducing peak emissions of >3¿mmol¿N(2)O¿m(-2)¿day(-1), while the mean daily flux was 0.43¿±¿0.03¿mmol¿N(2)O¿m(-2)¿day(-1). Over 170¿days of the drained period, we estimated non-wetted drained soil to contribute 70.0¿mmol¿N(2)O¿m(-2), while rain-induced peak events contributed 9.2¿mmol¿N(2)O¿m(-2), resulting in a total N(2)O emission of 79.2¿mmol¿N(2)O¿m(-2). At the sites of repeated sampling, the pool of porewater nitrate varied [Formula: see text] with higher concentrations of [Formula: see text] (p¿<¿0.05) found in drained soil than in water-logged soil, indicating dynamic shifts between nitrification and denitrification. In the field, O(2) penetrated the upper 60¿cm of drained soil, but was depleted in response to precipitation. Upon experimental wetting the soil showed rapid O(2) depletion followed by N(2)O accumulation and a peak emission of N(2)O [Formula: see text] Assuming that the observed emission of N(2)O from these wetland soils is generally representative to the Pantanal, we suggest that this undisturbed tropical wetland potentially contributes ~1.7% to the global N(2)O emission budget, a significant single source of N(2)O.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Tidsskrift	Frontiers in Microbiology
Vol/bind	3
Sider (fra-til)	1-13
Antal sider	13
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00433
Status	Udgivet - 2012

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10.3389/fmicb.2012.00433

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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00433

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@article{4f62141532f24ff1af88891e6aa504ae,

title = "Extreme emission of n2o from tropical wetland soil (pantanal, South America)",

abstract = "Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas and ozone depleter, but the global budget of N2O remains unbalanced. Currently, ~25% of the global N2O emission is ascribed to uncultivated tropical soils, but the exact locations and controlling mechanisms are not clear. Here we present the first study of soil N2O emission from the Pantanal indicating that this South American wetland may be a significant natural source of N2O. At three sites, we repeatedly measured in situ fluxes of N2O and sampled porewater nitrate (NO-3) during the low water season in 2008 and 2009. In 2010, 10 sites were screened for in situ fluxes of N2O and soil NO-3 content. The in situ fluxes of N2O were comparable to fluxes from heavily fertilized forests or agricultural soils. An important parameter affecting N2O emission rate was precipitation, inducing peak emissions of >3 mmol N2O m-2 day-1, while the mean daily flux was 0.43 ± 0.03 mmol N2O m-2 day-1. Over 170 days of the drained period, we estimated non-wetted drained soil to contribute 70.0 mmol N2O m-2, while rain-induced peak events contributed 9.2 mmol N2O m-2, resulting in a total N2O emission of 79.2 mmol N2O m-2. At the sites of repeated sampling, the pool of porewater nitrate varied (0.002-7.1 μ mol NO-3 g dW-1) with higher concentrations of NO-3 (p < 0.05) found in drained soil than in water-logged soil, indicating dynamic shifts between nitrification and denitrification. In the field, O2 penetrated the upper 60 cm of drained soil, but was depleted in response to precipitation. Upon experimental wetting the soil showed rapid O2 depletion followed by N2O accumulation and a peak emission of N2O (2.5-3.0 m mol N2O m-2 day-1). Assuming that the observed emission of N2O from these wetland soils is generally representative to the Pantanal, we suggest that this undisturbed tropical wetland potentially contributes ~1.7% to the global N2O emission budget, a significant single source of N2O.",

author = "M{\o}ller, {Lars Lieng{\aa}rd Holten} and Nielsen, {Lars Peter} and Revsbech, {Niels Peter} and Anders Priem{\'e} and Bo Elberling and Alex Enrich-Prast and Michael K{\"u}hl",

note = "Artikel ID: 433",

year = "2012",

doi = "10.3389/fmicb.2012.00433",

language = "English",

volume = "3",

pages = "1--13",

journal = "Frontiers in Microbiology",

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T1 - Extreme emission of n2o from tropical wetland soil (pantanal, South America)

AU - Møller, Lars Liengård Holten

AU - Nielsen, Lars Peter

AU - Revsbech, Niels Peter

AU - Priemé, Anders

AU - Elberling, Bo

AU - Enrich-Prast, Alex

AU - Kühl, Michael

N1 - Artikel ID: 433

PY - 2012

Y1 - 2012

N2 - Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas and ozone depleter, but the global budget of N2O remains unbalanced. Currently, ~25% of the global N2O emission is ascribed to uncultivated tropical soils, but the exact locations and controlling mechanisms are not clear. Here we present the first study of soil N2O emission from the Pantanal indicating that this South American wetland may be a significant natural source of N2O. At three sites, we repeatedly measured in situ fluxes of N2O and sampled porewater nitrate (NO-3) during the low water season in 2008 and 2009. In 2010, 10 sites were screened for in situ fluxes of N2O and soil NO-3 content. The in situ fluxes of N2O were comparable to fluxes from heavily fertilized forests or agricultural soils. An important parameter affecting N2O emission rate was precipitation, inducing peak emissions of >3 mmol N2O m-2 day-1, while the mean daily flux was 0.43 ± 0.03 mmol N2O m-2 day-1. Over 170 days of the drained period, we estimated non-wetted drained soil to contribute 70.0 mmol N2O m-2, while rain-induced peak events contributed 9.2 mmol N2O m-2, resulting in a total N2O emission of 79.2 mmol N2O m-2. At the sites of repeated sampling, the pool of porewater nitrate varied (0.002-7.1 μ mol NO-3 g dW-1) with higher concentrations of NO-3 (p < 0.05) found in drained soil than in water-logged soil, indicating dynamic shifts between nitrification and denitrification. In the field, O2 penetrated the upper 60 cm of drained soil, but was depleted in response to precipitation. Upon experimental wetting the soil showed rapid O2 depletion followed by N2O accumulation and a peak emission of N2O (2.5-3.0 m mol N2O m-2 day-1). Assuming that the observed emission of N2O from these wetland soils is generally representative to the Pantanal, we suggest that this undisturbed tropical wetland potentially contributes ~1.7% to the global N2O emission budget, a significant single source of N2O.

AB - Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas and ozone depleter, but the global budget of N2O remains unbalanced. Currently, ~25% of the global N2O emission is ascribed to uncultivated tropical soils, but the exact locations and controlling mechanisms are not clear. Here we present the first study of soil N2O emission from the Pantanal indicating that this South American wetland may be a significant natural source of N2O. At three sites, we repeatedly measured in situ fluxes of N2O and sampled porewater nitrate (NO-3) during the low water season in 2008 and 2009. In 2010, 10 sites were screened for in situ fluxes of N2O and soil NO-3 content. The in situ fluxes of N2O were comparable to fluxes from heavily fertilized forests or agricultural soils. An important parameter affecting N2O emission rate was precipitation, inducing peak emissions of >3 mmol N2O m-2 day-1, while the mean daily flux was 0.43 ± 0.03 mmol N2O m-2 day-1. Over 170 days of the drained period, we estimated non-wetted drained soil to contribute 70.0 mmol N2O m-2, while rain-induced peak events contributed 9.2 mmol N2O m-2, resulting in a total N2O emission of 79.2 mmol N2O m-2. At the sites of repeated sampling, the pool of porewater nitrate varied (0.002-7.1 μ mol NO-3 g dW-1) with higher concentrations of NO-3 (p < 0.05) found in drained soil than in water-logged soil, indicating dynamic shifts between nitrification and denitrification. In the field, O2 penetrated the upper 60 cm of drained soil, but was depleted in response to precipitation. Upon experimental wetting the soil showed rapid O2 depletion followed by N2O accumulation and a peak emission of N2O (2.5-3.0 m mol N2O m-2 day-1). Assuming that the observed emission of N2O from these wetland soils is generally representative to the Pantanal, we suggest that this undisturbed tropical wetland potentially contributes ~1.7% to the global N2O emission budget, a significant single source of N2O.

U2 - 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00433

DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00433

M3 - Journal article

SN - 1664-302X

VL - 3

SP - 1

EP - 13

JO - Frontiers in Microbiology

JF - Frontiers in Microbiology

ER -

Extreme emission of n2o from tropical wetland soil (pantanal, South America)

Abstract

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Extreme emission of n₂o from tropical wetland soil (pantanal, South America)