TY - JOUR
T1 - Expert consensus document
T2 - European Consensus Statement on congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism--pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment
AU - Boehm, Ulrich
AU - Bouloux, Pierre-Marc
AU - Dattani, Mehul T
AU - de Roux, Nicolas
AU - Dodé, Catherine
AU - Dunkel, Leo
AU - Dwyer, Andrew A
AU - Giacobini, Paolo
AU - Hardelin, Jean-Pierre
AU - Juul, Anders
AU - Maghnie, Mohamad
AU - Pitteloud, Nelly
AU - Prevot, Vincent
AU - Raivio, Taneli
AU - Tena-Sempere, Manuel
AU - Quinton, Richard
AU - Young, Jacques
PY - 2015/9/20
Y1 - 2015/9/20
N2 - Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare disorder caused by the deficient production, secretion or action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is the master hormone regulating the reproductive axis. CHH is clinically and genetically heterogeneous, with >25 different causal genes identified to date. Clinically, the disorder is characterized by an absence of puberty and infertility. The association of CHH with a defective sense of smell (anosmia or hyposmia), which is found in â 1/450% of patients with CHH is termed Kallmann syndrome and results from incomplete embryonic migration of GnRH-synthesizing neurons. CHH can be challenging to diagnose, particularly when attempting to differentiate it from constitutional delay of puberty. A timely diagnosis and treatment to induce puberty can be beneficial for sexual, bone and metabolic health, and might help minimize some of the psychological effects of CHH. In most cases, fertility can be induced using specialized treatment regimens and several predictors of outcome have been identified. Patients typically require lifelong treatment, yet â 1/410-20% of patients exhibit a spontaneous recovery of reproductive function. This Consensus Statement summarizes approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of CHH and discusses important unanswered questions in the field.
AB - Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare disorder caused by the deficient production, secretion or action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is the master hormone regulating the reproductive axis. CHH is clinically and genetically heterogeneous, with >25 different causal genes identified to date. Clinically, the disorder is characterized by an absence of puberty and infertility. The association of CHH with a defective sense of smell (anosmia or hyposmia), which is found in â 1/450% of patients with CHH is termed Kallmann syndrome and results from incomplete embryonic migration of GnRH-synthesizing neurons. CHH can be challenging to diagnose, particularly when attempting to differentiate it from constitutional delay of puberty. A timely diagnosis and treatment to induce puberty can be beneficial for sexual, bone and metabolic health, and might help minimize some of the psychological effects of CHH. In most cases, fertility can be induced using specialized treatment regimens and several predictors of outcome have been identified. Patients typically require lifelong treatment, yet â 1/410-20% of patients exhibit a spontaneous recovery of reproductive function. This Consensus Statement summarizes approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of CHH and discusses important unanswered questions in the field.
KW - Consensus
KW - Europe
KW - Female
KW - Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
KW - Humans
KW - Hypogonadism
KW - Male
KW - Sexual Maturation
U2 - 10.1038/nrendo.2015.112
DO - 10.1038/nrendo.2015.112
M3 - Comment/debate
C2 - 26194704
SN - 1759-5029
VL - 11
SP - 547
EP - 564
JO - Nature Reviews Endocrinology
JF - Nature Reviews Endocrinology
IS - 9
ER -