Effect of Antibiotics on Gut Microbiota, Gut Hormones and Glucose Metabolism

TY - JOUR

T1 - Effect of Antibiotics on Gut Microbiota, Gut Hormones and Glucose Metabolism

AU - Mikkelsen, Kristian H

AU - Frost, Morten

AU - Bahl, Martin I

AU - Licht, Tine R

AU - Jensen, Ulrich S

AU - Rosenberg, Jacob

AU - Pedersen, Oluf

AU - Hansen, Torben

AU - Rehfeld, Jens F

AU - Holst, Jens J

AU - Vilsbøll, Tina

AU - Knop, Filip K

PY - 2015/11/1

Y1 - 2015/11/1

N2 - Objective: The gut microbiota has been designated as an active regulator of glucose metabolism and metabolic phenotype in a number of animal and human observational studies. We evaluated the effect of removing as many bacteria as possible by antibiotics on postprandial physiology in healthy humans. Methods: Meal tests with measurements of postprandial glucose tolerance and postprandial release of insulin and gut hormones were performed before, immediately after and 6 weeks after a 4-day, broad-spectrum, peroral antibiotic cocktail (vancomycin 500 mg, gentamycin 40 mg and meropenem 500 mg once-daily) in a group of 12 lean and glucose tolerant males. Faecal samples were collected for culture-based assessment of changes in gut microbiota composition. Results: Acute and dramatic reductions in the abundance of a representative set of gut bacteria was seen immediately following the antibiotic course, but no changes in postprandial glucose tolerance, insulin secretion or plasma lipid concentrations were found. Apart from an acute and reversible increase in peptide YY secretion, no changes were observed in postprandial gut hormone release. Conclusion: As evaluated by selective cultivation of gut bacteria, a broad-spectrum 4-day antibiotics course with vancomycin, gentamycin and meropenem induced shifts in gut microbiota composition that had no clinically relevant short or long-term effects on metabolic variables in healthy glucose-tolerant males.

AB - Objective: The gut microbiota has been designated as an active regulator of glucose metabolism and metabolic phenotype in a number of animal and human observational studies. We evaluated the effect of removing as many bacteria as possible by antibiotics on postprandial physiology in healthy humans. Methods: Meal tests with measurements of postprandial glucose tolerance and postprandial release of insulin and gut hormones were performed before, immediately after and 6 weeks after a 4-day, broad-spectrum, peroral antibiotic cocktail (vancomycin 500 mg, gentamycin 40 mg and meropenem 500 mg once-daily) in a group of 12 lean and glucose tolerant males. Faecal samples were collected for culture-based assessment of changes in gut microbiota composition. Results: Acute and dramatic reductions in the abundance of a representative set of gut bacteria was seen immediately following the antibiotic course, but no changes in postprandial glucose tolerance, insulin secretion or plasma lipid concentrations were found. Apart from an acute and reversible increase in peptide YY secretion, no changes were observed in postprandial gut hormone release. Conclusion: As evaluated by selective cultivation of gut bacteria, a broad-spectrum 4-day antibiotics course with vancomycin, gentamycin and meropenem induced shifts in gut microbiota composition that had no clinically relevant short or long-term effects on metabolic variables in healthy glucose-tolerant males.

U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0142352

DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0142352

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 26562532

SN - 1932-6203

VL - 10

SP - 1

EP - 14

JO - PLoS Computational Biology

JF - PLoS Computational Biology

IS - 11

M1 - e0142352

ER -