Ecosystems with Mutually Exclusive Interactions Self-Organize to a State of High Diversity

TY - JOUR

T1 - Ecosystems with Mutually Exclusive Interactions Self-Organize to a State of High Diversity

AU - Mathiesen, Joachim

AU - Mitarai, Namiko

AU - Sneppen, Kim

AU - Trusina, Ala

PY - 2011/10/25

Y1 - 2011/10/25

N2 - Ecological systems comprise an astonishing diversity of species that cooperate or compete with each other forming complex mutual dependencies. The minimum requirements to maintain a large species diversity on long time scales are in general unknown. Using lichen communities as an example, we propose a model for the evolution of mutually excluding organisms that compete for space. We suggest that chainlike or cyclic invasions open for creation of spatially separated subpopulations that subsequently can lead to increased diversity. In contrast to its nonspatial counterpart, our model predicts robust coexistence of a large number of species. It is demonstrated that large species diversity can be obtained on evolutionary time scales, provided that interactions between species have spatial constraints. In particular, a phase transition to a sustainable state of high diversity is identified.

AB - Ecological systems comprise an astonishing diversity of species that cooperate or compete with each other forming complex mutual dependencies. The minimum requirements to maintain a large species diversity on long time scales are in general unknown. Using lichen communities as an example, we propose a model for the evolution of mutually excluding organisms that compete for space. We suggest that chainlike or cyclic invasions open for creation of spatially separated subpopulations that subsequently can lead to increased diversity. In contrast to its nonspatial counterpart, our model predicts robust coexistence of a large number of species. It is demonstrated that large species diversity can be obtained on evolutionary time scales, provided that interactions between species have spatial constraints. In particular, a phase transition to a sustainable state of high diversity is identified.

U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.188101

DO - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.188101

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 22107676

SN - 0031-9007

VL - 107

SP - 188101

JO - Physical Review Letters

JF - Physical Review Letters

IS - 18

ER -