Differential neuronal vulnerability identifies IGF-2 as a protective factor in ALS

Ilary Allodi; Laura Comley; Susanne Nichterwitz; Monica Nizzardo; Chiara Simone; Julio Aguila Benitez; Ming Cao; Stefania Corti; Eva Hedlund

doi:10.1038/srep25960

Differential neuronal vulnerability identifies IGF-2 as a protective factor in ALS

Ilary Allodi, Laura Comley, Susanne Nichterwitz, Monica Nizzardo, Chiara Simone, Julio Aguila Benitez, Ming Cao, Stefania Corti, Eva Hedlund

Motor Control

46 Citationer (Scopus)

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Abstract

The fatal disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the loss of somatic motor neurons leading to muscle wasting and paralysis. However, motor neurons in the oculomotor nucleus, controlling eye movement, are for unknown reasons spared. We found that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) was maintained in oculomotor neurons in ALS and thus could play a role in oculomotor resistance in this disease. We also showed that IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), which mediates survival pathways upon IGF binding, was highly expressed in oculomotor neurons and on extraocular muscle endplate. The addition of IGF-2 induced Akt phosphorylation, glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation and β-catenin levels while protecting ALS patient motor neurons. IGF-2 also rescued motor neurons derived from spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients from degeneration. Finally, AAV9::IGF-2 delivery to muscles of SOD1(G93A) ALS mice extended life-span by 10%, while preserving motor neurons and inducing motor axon regeneration. Thus, our studies demonstrate that oculomotor-specific expression can be utilized to identify candidates that protect vulnerable motor neurons from degeneration.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Artikelnummer	25960
Tidsskrift	Scientific Reports
Vol/bind	6
Antal sider	14
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25960
Status	Udgivet - 16 maj 2016

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10.1038/srep25960Licens: CC BY

Differential neuronal vulnerability identifies IGF-2 as a protective factor in ALSForlagets udgivne version, 3,23 MBLicens: CC BY

Citationsformater

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abstract = "The fatal disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the loss of somatic motor neurons leading to muscle wasting and paralysis. However, motor neurons in the oculomotor nucleus, controlling eye movement, are for unknown reasons spared. We found that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) was maintained in oculomotor neurons in ALS and thus could play a role in oculomotor resistance in this disease. We also showed that IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), which mediates survival pathways upon IGF binding, was highly expressed in oculomotor neurons and on extraocular muscle endplate. The addition of IGF-2 induced Akt phosphorylation, glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation and β-catenin levels while protecting ALS patient motor neurons. IGF-2 also rescued motor neurons derived from spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients from degeneration. Finally, AAV9::IGF-2 delivery to muscles of SOD1(G93A) ALS mice extended life-span by 10%, while preserving motor neurons and inducing motor axon regeneration. Thus, our studies demonstrate that oculomotor-specific expression can be utilized to identify candidates that protect vulnerable motor neurons from degeneration.",

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author = "Ilary Allodi and Laura Comley and Susanne Nichterwitz and Monica Nizzardo and Chiara Simone and Benitez, {Julio Aguila} and Ming Cao and Stefania Corti and Eva Hedlund",

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AU - Allodi, Ilary

AU - Comley, Laura

AU - Nichterwitz, Susanne

AU - Nizzardo, Monica

AU - Simone, Chiara

AU - Benitez, Julio Aguila

AU - Cao, Ming

AU - Corti, Stefania

AU - Hedlund, Eva

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N2 - The fatal disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the loss of somatic motor neurons leading to muscle wasting and paralysis. However, motor neurons in the oculomotor nucleus, controlling eye movement, are for unknown reasons spared. We found that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) was maintained in oculomotor neurons in ALS and thus could play a role in oculomotor resistance in this disease. We also showed that IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), which mediates survival pathways upon IGF binding, was highly expressed in oculomotor neurons and on extraocular muscle endplate. The addition of IGF-2 induced Akt phosphorylation, glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation and β-catenin levels while protecting ALS patient motor neurons. IGF-2 also rescued motor neurons derived from spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients from degeneration. Finally, AAV9::IGF-2 delivery to muscles of SOD1(G93A) ALS mice extended life-span by 10%, while preserving motor neurons and inducing motor axon regeneration. Thus, our studies demonstrate that oculomotor-specific expression can be utilized to identify candidates that protect vulnerable motor neurons from degeneration.

AB - The fatal disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the loss of somatic motor neurons leading to muscle wasting and paralysis. However, motor neurons in the oculomotor nucleus, controlling eye movement, are for unknown reasons spared. We found that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) was maintained in oculomotor neurons in ALS and thus could play a role in oculomotor resistance in this disease. We also showed that IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), which mediates survival pathways upon IGF binding, was highly expressed in oculomotor neurons and on extraocular muscle endplate. The addition of IGF-2 induced Akt phosphorylation, glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation and β-catenin levels while protecting ALS patient motor neurons. IGF-2 also rescued motor neurons derived from spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients from degeneration. Finally, AAV9::IGF-2 delivery to muscles of SOD1(G93A) ALS mice extended life-span by 10%, while preserving motor neurons and inducing motor axon regeneration. Thus, our studies demonstrate that oculomotor-specific expression can be utilized to identify candidates that protect vulnerable motor neurons from degeneration.

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KW - Humans

KW - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Differential neuronal vulnerability identifies IGF-2 as a protective factor in ALS

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