Childhood Body Size and the Risk of Malignant Melanoma in Adulthood

TY - JOUR

T1 - Childhood Body Size and the Risk of Malignant Melanoma in Adulthood

AU - Meyle, Kathrine D

AU - Gamborg, Michael

AU - Sørensen, Thorkild I A

AU - Baker, Jennifer L

N1 - © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

PY - 2017/4/15

Y1 - 2017/4/15

N2 - Malignant melanoma (MM) is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. Adult anthropometry influences MM development; however, associations between childhood body size and future melanomagenesis are largely unknown. We investigated whether height, body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)2), and body surface area (BSA) at ages 7-13 years and birth weight are associated with adult MM. Data from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register, containing annual height and weight measurements of 372,636 Danish children born in 1930-1989, were linked with the Danish Cancer Registry. Cox regression analyses were performed. During follow-up, 2,329 MM cases occurred. Height at ages 7-13 years was significantly associated with MM, even after BMI and BSA adjustments. No significant BMI-MM or BSA-MM associations were detected when adjusting for height. Children who were persistently tall at both age 7 years and age 13 years had a significantly increased MM risk compared with children who grew taller between those ages. Birth weight was positively associated with MM. We conclude that associations between body size and MM originate early in life and are driven largely by height and birth weight, without any comparable influence of BMI or BSA. Melanoma transformation is unlikely to be due to height per se; however, height-regulating processes in childhood present new areas for mechanistic explorations of this disease.

AB - Malignant melanoma (MM) is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. Adult anthropometry influences MM development; however, associations between childhood body size and future melanomagenesis are largely unknown. We investigated whether height, body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)2), and body surface area (BSA) at ages 7-13 years and birth weight are associated with adult MM. Data from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register, containing annual height and weight measurements of 372,636 Danish children born in 1930-1989, were linked with the Danish Cancer Registry. Cox regression analyses were performed. During follow-up, 2,329 MM cases occurred. Height at ages 7-13 years was significantly associated with MM, even after BMI and BSA adjustments. No significant BMI-MM or BSA-MM associations were detected when adjusting for height. Children who were persistently tall at both age 7 years and age 13 years had a significantly increased MM risk compared with children who grew taller between those ages. Birth weight was positively associated with MM. We conclude that associations between body size and MM originate early in life and are driven largely by height and birth weight, without any comparable influence of BMI or BSA. Melanoma transformation is unlikely to be due to height per se; however, height-regulating processes in childhood present new areas for mechanistic explorations of this disease.

KW - Adolescent

KW - Adult

KW - Age Factors

KW - Birth Weight

KW - Body Height

KW - Body Mass Index

KW - Body Size

KW - Body Surface Area

KW - Child

KW - Denmark

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Melanoma

KW - Proportional Hazards Models

KW - Registries

KW - Risk Factors

KW - Skin Neoplasms

KW - Journal Article

U2 - 10.1093/aje/kww128

DO - 10.1093/aje/kww128

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 28369155

SN - 0002-9262

VL - 185

SP - 673

EP - 680

JO - American Journal of Epidemiology

JF - American Journal of Epidemiology

IS - 8

ER -