TY - JOUR
T1 - Characterisation of pore structures of pharmaceutical tablets: A review
AU - Markl, Daniel
AU - Strobel, Alexa
AU - Schlossnikl, Rüdiger
AU - Bøtker, Johan
AU - Bawuah, Prince
AU - Ridgway, Cathy
AU - Rantanen, Jukka
AU - Rades, Thomas
AU - Gane, Patrick
AU - Peiponen, Kai-Erik
AU - Zeitler, J. Axel
PY - 2018/3/1
Y1 - 2018/3/1
N2 - Traditionally, the development of a new solid dosage form is formulation-driven and less focus is put on the design of a specific microstructure for the drug delivery system. However, the compaction process particularly impacts the microstructure, or more precisely, the pore architecture in a pharmaceutical tablet. Besides the formulation, the pore structure is a major contributor to the overall performance of oral solid dosage forms as it directly affects the liquid uptake rate, which is the very first step of the dissolution process. In future, additive manufacturing is a potential game changer to design the inner structures and realise a tailor-made pore structure. In pharmaceutical development the pore structure is most commonly only described by the total porosity of the tablet matrix. Yet it is of great importance to consider other parameters to fully resolve the interplay between microstructure and dosage form performance. Specifically, tortuosity, connectivity, as well as pore shape, size and orientation all impact the flow paths and play an important role in describing the fluid flow in a pharmaceutical tablet. This review presents the key properties of the pore structures in solid dosage forms and it discusses how to measure these properties. In particular, the principles, advantages and limitations of helium pycnometry, mercury porosimetry, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray computed microtomography are discussed.
AB - Traditionally, the development of a new solid dosage form is formulation-driven and less focus is put on the design of a specific microstructure for the drug delivery system. However, the compaction process particularly impacts the microstructure, or more precisely, the pore architecture in a pharmaceutical tablet. Besides the formulation, the pore structure is a major contributor to the overall performance of oral solid dosage forms as it directly affects the liquid uptake rate, which is the very first step of the dissolution process. In future, additive manufacturing is a potential game changer to design the inner structures and realise a tailor-made pore structure. In pharmaceutical development the pore structure is most commonly only described by the total porosity of the tablet matrix. Yet it is of great importance to consider other parameters to fully resolve the interplay between microstructure and dosage form performance. Specifically, tortuosity, connectivity, as well as pore shape, size and orientation all impact the flow paths and play an important role in describing the fluid flow in a pharmaceutical tablet. This review presents the key properties of the pore structures in solid dosage forms and it discusses how to measure these properties. In particular, the principles, advantages and limitations of helium pycnometry, mercury porosimetry, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray computed microtomography are discussed.
KW - Pore structure
KW - Solid dosage form
KW - Terahertz technology
KW - X-ray computed microtomography
KW - Mercury porosimetry
KW - Helium pycnometry
KW - Nuclear magnetic resonance
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.01.017
DO - 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.01.017
M3 - Tidsskriftartikel
C2 - 29341913
SN - 0378-5173
VL - 538
SP - 188
EP - 214
JO - International Journal of Pharmaceutics
JF - International Journal of Pharmaceutics
IS - 1
ER -