Changes in environment over the last 800,000 years from chemical analysis of the EPICA Dome C ice core

E. W. Wolff; C. Barbante; S. Becagli; M. Bigler; C. F. Boutron; E. Castellano; M. de Angelis; U. Federer; H. Fischer; F. Fundel; M. Hansson; M. Hutterli; U. Jonsell; T. Karlin; P. Kaufmann; F. Lambert; G. C. Littot; R. Mulvaney; R. Röthlisberger; U. Ruth; M. Severi; M. L. Siggaard-Andersen; L. C. Sime; J. P. Steffensen; T. F. Stocker; R. Traversi; B. Twarloh; R. Udisti; D. Wagenbach; A. Wegner

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.06.013

Changes in environment over the last 800,000 years from chemical analysis of the EPICA Dome C ice core

E. W. Wolff^*, C. Barbante, S. Becagli, M. Bigler, C. F. Boutron, E. Castellano, M. de Angelis, U. Federer, H. Fischer, F. Fundel, M. Hansson, M. Hutterli, U. Jonsell, T. Karlin, P. Kaufmann, F. Lambert, G. C. Littot, R. Mulvaney, R. Röthlisberger, U. RuthM. Severi, M. L. Siggaard-Andersen, L. C. Sime, J. P. Steffensen, T. F. Stocker, R. Traversi, B. Twarloh, R. Udisti, D. Wagenbach, A. Wegner

^*Corresponding author af dette arbejde

110 Citationer (Scopus)

Abstract

The EPICA ice core from Dome C extends 3259 m in depth, and encompasses 800 ka of datable and sequential ice. Numerous chemical species have been measured along the length of the cores. Here we concentrate on interpreting the main low-resolution patterns of major ions. We extend the published record for non-sea-salt calcium, sea-salt sodium and non-sea-salt sulfate flux to 800 ka. The non-sea-salt calcium record confirms that terrestrial dust originating from South America closely mirrored Antarctic climate, both at orbital and millennial timescales. A major cause of the main trends is most likely climate in southern South America, which could be sensitive to subtle changes in atmospheric circulation. Sea-salt sodium also follows temperature, but with a threshold at low temperature. We re-examine the use of sodium as a sea ice proxy, concluding that it is probably reflecting extent, with high salt concentrations reflecting larger ice extents. With this interpretation, the sodium flux record indicates low ice extent operating as an amplifier in warm interglacials. Non-sea-salt sulfate flux is almost constant along the core, confirming the lack of change in marine productivity (for sulfur-producing organisms) in the areas of the Southern Ocean contributing to the flux at Dome C. For the first time we also present long records of reversible species such as nitrate and chloride, and show that the pattern of post-depositional losses described for shallower ice is maintained in older ice. It appears possible to use these concentrations to constrain snow accumulation rates in interglacial ice at this site, and the results suggest a possible correction to accumulation rates in one early interglacial. Taken together the chemistry records offer a number of constraints on the way the Earth system combined to give the major climate fluctuations of the late Quaternary period.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Tidsskrift	Quaternary Science Reviews
Vol/bind	29
Udgave nummer	1-2
Sider (fra-til)	285-295
Antal sider	11
ISSN	0277-3791
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.06.013
Status	Udgivet - 1 jan. 2010

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Wolff, E. W., Barbante, C., Becagli, S., Bigler, M., Boutron, C. F., Castellano, E., de Angelis, M., Federer, U., Fischer, H., Fundel, F., Hansson, M., Hutterli, M., Jonsell, U., Karlin, T., Kaufmann, P., Lambert, F., Littot, G. C., Mulvaney, R., Röthlisberger, R., ... Wegner, A. (2010). Changes in environment over the last 800,000 years from chemical analysis of the EPICA Dome C ice core. Quaternary Science Reviews, 29(1-2), 285-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.06.013

Wolff, EW, Barbante, C, Becagli, S, Bigler, M, Boutron, CF, Castellano, E, de Angelis, M, Federer, U, Fischer, H, Fundel, F, Hansson, M, Hutterli, M, Jonsell, U, Karlin, T, Kaufmann, P, Lambert, F, Littot, GC, Mulvaney, R, Röthlisberger, R, Ruth, U, Severi, M, Siggaard-Andersen, ML, Sime, LC, Steffensen, JP, Stocker, TF, Traversi, R, Twarloh, B, Udisti, R, Wagenbach, D & Wegner, A 2010, 'Changes in environment over the last 800,000 years from chemical analysis of the EPICA Dome C ice core', Quaternary Science Reviews, bind 29, nr. 1-2, s. 285-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.06.013

@article{c55f7011cbfe431a9da8ae2959bf94af,

title = "Changes in environment over the last 800,000 years from chemical analysis of the EPICA Dome C ice core",

abstract = "The EPICA ice core from Dome C extends 3259 m in depth, and encompasses 800 ka of datable and sequential ice. Numerous chemical species have been measured along the length of the cores. Here we concentrate on interpreting the main low-resolution patterns of major ions. We extend the published record for non-sea-salt calcium, sea-salt sodium and non-sea-salt sulfate flux to 800 ka. The non-sea-salt calcium record confirms that terrestrial dust originating from South America closely mirrored Antarctic climate, both at orbital and millennial timescales. A major cause of the main trends is most likely climate in southern South America, which could be sensitive to subtle changes in atmospheric circulation. Sea-salt sodium also follows temperature, but with a threshold at low temperature. We re-examine the use of sodium as a sea ice proxy, concluding that it is probably reflecting extent, with high salt concentrations reflecting larger ice extents. With this interpretation, the sodium flux record indicates low ice extent operating as an amplifier in warm interglacials. Non-sea-salt sulfate flux is almost constant along the core, confirming the lack of change in marine productivity (for sulfur-producing organisms) in the areas of the Southern Ocean contributing to the flux at Dome C. For the first time we also present long records of reversible species such as nitrate and chloride, and show that the pattern of post-depositional losses described for shallower ice is maintained in older ice. It appears possible to use these concentrations to constrain snow accumulation rates in interglacial ice at this site, and the results suggest a possible correction to accumulation rates in one early interglacial. Taken together the chemistry records offer a number of constraints on the way the Earth system combined to give the major climate fluctuations of the late Quaternary period.",

author = "Wolff, {E. W.} and C. Barbante and S. Becagli and M. Bigler and Boutron, {C. F.} and E. Castellano and {de Angelis}, M. and U. Federer and H. Fischer and F. Fundel and M. Hansson and M. Hutterli and U. Jonsell and T. Karlin and P. Kaufmann and F. Lambert and Littot, {G. C.} and R. Mulvaney and R. R{\"o}thlisberger and U. Ruth and M. Severi and Siggaard-Andersen, {M. L.} and Sime, {L. C.} and Steffensen, {J. P.} and Stocker, {T. F.} and R. Traversi and B. Twarloh and R. Udisti and D. Wagenbach and A. Wegner",

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AU - Wolff, E. W.

AU - Barbante, C.

AU - Becagli, S.

AU - Bigler, M.

AU - Boutron, C. F.

AU - Castellano, E.

AU - de Angelis, M.

AU - Federer, U.

AU - Fischer, H.

AU - Fundel, F.

AU - Hansson, M.

AU - Hutterli, M.

AU - Jonsell, U.

AU - Karlin, T.

AU - Kaufmann, P.

AU - Lambert, F.

AU - Littot, G. C.

AU - Mulvaney, R.

AU - Röthlisberger, R.

AU - Ruth, U.

AU - Severi, M.

AU - Siggaard-Andersen, M. L.

AU - Sime, L. C.

AU - Steffensen, J. P.

AU - Stocker, T. F.

AU - Traversi, R.

AU - Twarloh, B.

AU - Udisti, R.

AU - Wagenbach, D.

AU - Wegner, A.

PY - 2010/1/1

Y1 - 2010/1/1

N2 - The EPICA ice core from Dome C extends 3259 m in depth, and encompasses 800 ka of datable and sequential ice. Numerous chemical species have been measured along the length of the cores. Here we concentrate on interpreting the main low-resolution patterns of major ions. We extend the published record for non-sea-salt calcium, sea-salt sodium and non-sea-salt sulfate flux to 800 ka. The non-sea-salt calcium record confirms that terrestrial dust originating from South America closely mirrored Antarctic climate, both at orbital and millennial timescales. A major cause of the main trends is most likely climate in southern South America, which could be sensitive to subtle changes in atmospheric circulation. Sea-salt sodium also follows temperature, but with a threshold at low temperature. We re-examine the use of sodium as a sea ice proxy, concluding that it is probably reflecting extent, with high salt concentrations reflecting larger ice extents. With this interpretation, the sodium flux record indicates low ice extent operating as an amplifier in warm interglacials. Non-sea-salt sulfate flux is almost constant along the core, confirming the lack of change in marine productivity (for sulfur-producing organisms) in the areas of the Southern Ocean contributing to the flux at Dome C. For the first time we also present long records of reversible species such as nitrate and chloride, and show that the pattern of post-depositional losses described for shallower ice is maintained in older ice. It appears possible to use these concentrations to constrain snow accumulation rates in interglacial ice at this site, and the results suggest a possible correction to accumulation rates in one early interglacial. Taken together the chemistry records offer a number of constraints on the way the Earth system combined to give the major climate fluctuations of the late Quaternary period.

AB - The EPICA ice core from Dome C extends 3259 m in depth, and encompasses 800 ka of datable and sequential ice. Numerous chemical species have been measured along the length of the cores. Here we concentrate on interpreting the main low-resolution patterns of major ions. We extend the published record for non-sea-salt calcium, sea-salt sodium and non-sea-salt sulfate flux to 800 ka. The non-sea-salt calcium record confirms that terrestrial dust originating from South America closely mirrored Antarctic climate, both at orbital and millennial timescales. A major cause of the main trends is most likely climate in southern South America, which could be sensitive to subtle changes in atmospheric circulation. Sea-salt sodium also follows temperature, but with a threshold at low temperature. We re-examine the use of sodium as a sea ice proxy, concluding that it is probably reflecting extent, with high salt concentrations reflecting larger ice extents. With this interpretation, the sodium flux record indicates low ice extent operating as an amplifier in warm interglacials. Non-sea-salt sulfate flux is almost constant along the core, confirming the lack of change in marine productivity (for sulfur-producing organisms) in the areas of the Southern Ocean contributing to the flux at Dome C. For the first time we also present long records of reversible species such as nitrate and chloride, and show that the pattern of post-depositional losses described for shallower ice is maintained in older ice. It appears possible to use these concentrations to constrain snow accumulation rates in interglacial ice at this site, and the results suggest a possible correction to accumulation rates in one early interglacial. Taken together the chemistry records offer a number of constraints on the way the Earth system combined to give the major climate fluctuations of the late Quaternary period.

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Changes in environment over the last 800,000 years from chemical analysis of the EPICA Dome C ice core

Abstract

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