Challenges and trends in apomorphine drug delivery systems for the treatment of Parkinson's disease

TY - JOUR

T1 - Challenges and trends in apomorphine drug delivery systems for the treatment of Parkinson's disease

AU - Borkar, Nrupa

AU - Mu, Huiling

AU - Holm, René

PY - 2018/11/1

Y1 - 2018/11/1

N2 - Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic debilitating disease affecting approximately 1% of the population over the age of 60. The severity of PD is correlated to the degree of dopaminergic neuronal loss. Apomorphine has a similar chemical structure as the neurotransmitter dopamine and has been used for the treatment of advanced PD patients. In PD patients, apomorphine is normally administered subcutaneously with frequent injections because of the compound's extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism. There is, hence, a large unmet need for alternative administrative routes for apomorphine to improve patient compliance. The present review focuses on the research and development of alternative delivery of apomorphine, aiming to highlight the potential of non-invasive apomorphine therapy in PD, such as sublingual delivery and transdermal delivery.

AB - Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic debilitating disease affecting approximately 1% of the population over the age of 60. The severity of PD is correlated to the degree of dopaminergic neuronal loss. Apomorphine has a similar chemical structure as the neurotransmitter dopamine and has been used for the treatment of advanced PD patients. In PD patients, apomorphine is normally administered subcutaneously with frequent injections because of the compound's extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism. There is, hence, a large unmet need for alternative administrative routes for apomorphine to improve patient compliance. The present review focuses on the research and development of alternative delivery of apomorphine, aiming to highlight the potential of non-invasive apomorphine therapy in PD, such as sublingual delivery and transdermal delivery.

KW - Alternative apomorphine therapy

KW - Apomorphine

KW - Drug delivery

KW - Excipients

KW - Non-invasive delivery

KW - Parkinson's disease

U2 - 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.11.004

DO - 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.11.004

M3 - Review

AN - SCOPUS:85040508022

SN - 1818-0876

VL - 13

SP - 507

EP - 517

JO - Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

JF - Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

IS - 6

ER -