TY - JOUR
T1 - Brain tumors in children and adolescents and exposure to animals and farm life
T2 - a multicenter case-control study (CEFALO)
AU - Christensen, Jeppe Schultz
AU - Mortensen, Laust Hvas
AU - Röösli, Martin
AU - Feychting, Maria
AU - Tynes, Tore
AU - Andersen, Tina Veje
AU - Schmidt, Lisbeth Samsø
AU - Poulsen, Aslak Harbo
AU - Aydin, Denis
AU - Kuehni, Claudia E
AU - Prochazka, Michaela
AU - Lannering, Birgitta
AU - Klaeboe, Lars
AU - Eggen, Tone
AU - Schüz, Joachim
PY - 2012/9
Y1 - 2012/9
N2 - Objectives The etiology of brain tumors in children and adolescents is largely unknown, and very few environmental risk factors have been identified. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between pre- or postnatal animal contacts or farm exposures and the risk of childhood brain tumors (CBTs), since infectious agents may pose a risk factor and a proposed mechanism is transferral of infectious agents from animals to humans. Methods The case-control study conducted in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland included brain tumor cases diagnosed from 2004 to 2008 aged 7-19 years at diagnosis. Three hundred and fifty-two cases (83 % participation rate) were matched to 646 population-based controls (71 % participation rate). Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios. Results Maternal farm residence during pregnancy was inversely related to all CBTs combined (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.40, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.19-0.88), as was the child's farm residence but not statistically significantly so (aOR = 0.57, 95 % CI = 0.28-1.17). Exposure to animals was in general not related to CBT risk except postnatal contact with birds showing reduced aORs of all CBTs (0.67, 95 % CI = 0.46-0.97) and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (0.28, 95 % CI = 0.10-0.83). Sensitivity analyses focusing on early exposure of the child did not change the associations observed for the entire exposure period with the exception of exposure to goats and sheep which was associated with reduced risks of both all CBTs (aOR = 0.48, 95 % CI = 0.24-0.97) and astrocytomas (aOR = 0.29, 95 % CI = 0.10-0.87). Conclusion Altogether, our data indicate an inverse association between the mother during pregnancy or the child living on a farm and CBT risk, which contrasts with the existing literature and merits further attention. With respect to exposure to animals, we did not observe any systematic pattern. This suggests that a potential protective effect of farm residence is mediated by some other factor than animal contact.
AB - Objectives The etiology of brain tumors in children and adolescents is largely unknown, and very few environmental risk factors have been identified. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between pre- or postnatal animal contacts or farm exposures and the risk of childhood brain tumors (CBTs), since infectious agents may pose a risk factor and a proposed mechanism is transferral of infectious agents from animals to humans. Methods The case-control study conducted in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland included brain tumor cases diagnosed from 2004 to 2008 aged 7-19 years at diagnosis. Three hundred and fifty-two cases (83 % participation rate) were matched to 646 population-based controls (71 % participation rate). Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios. Results Maternal farm residence during pregnancy was inversely related to all CBTs combined (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.40, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.19-0.88), as was the child's farm residence but not statistically significantly so (aOR = 0.57, 95 % CI = 0.28-1.17). Exposure to animals was in general not related to CBT risk except postnatal contact with birds showing reduced aORs of all CBTs (0.67, 95 % CI = 0.46-0.97) and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (0.28, 95 % CI = 0.10-0.83). Sensitivity analyses focusing on early exposure of the child did not change the associations observed for the entire exposure period with the exception of exposure to goats and sheep which was associated with reduced risks of both all CBTs (aOR = 0.48, 95 % CI = 0.24-0.97) and astrocytomas (aOR = 0.29, 95 % CI = 0.10-0.87). Conclusion Altogether, our data indicate an inverse association between the mother during pregnancy or the child living on a farm and CBT risk, which contrasts with the existing literature and merits further attention. With respect to exposure to animals, we did not observe any systematic pattern. This suggests that a potential protective effect of farm residence is mediated by some other factor than animal contact.
U2 - 10.1007/s10552-012-0020-0
DO - 10.1007/s10552-012-0020-0
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 22790303
SN - 0957-5243
VL - 23
SP - 1463
EP - 1473
JO - Cancer Causes & Control
JF - Cancer Causes & Control
IS - 9
ER -