TY - JOUR
T1 - Benefits of meeting nutrient reduction targets for the Baltic Sea
T2 - a contingent valuation study in the nine coastal states
AU - Ahtiainen, Heini
AU - Artell, Janne
AU - Czajkowski, Mikołaj
AU - Hasler, Berit
AU - Hasselström, Linus
AU - Huhtala, Anni
AU - Meyerhoff, Jürgen
AU - Smart, James C.R.
AU - Söderqvist, Tore
AU - Alemu, Mohammed Hussen
AU - Angeli, Daija
AU - Dahlbo, Kim
AU - Fleming-Lehtinen, Vivi
AU - Hyytiäinen, Kari
AU - Karlõševa, Aljona
AU - Khaleeva, Yulia
AU - Maar, Marie
AU - Martinsen, Louise
AU - Nõmmann, Tea
AU - Pakalniete, Kristine
AU - Oskolokaite, Ieva
AU - Semeniene, Daiva
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - This paper presents the results of an internationally coordinated contingent valuation study on the benefits of reducing marine eutrophication in the Baltic Sea according to current policy targets. With over 10,500 respondents from the nine coastal states around the sea, we examine public willingness to pay (WTP) for reduced eutrophication and its determinants. There are considerable differences in mean WTP between countries, with Swedes being willing to pay the most and Latvians the least. The aggregate annual WTP is approximately €3600 million. In addition, we find that countries are heterogeneous in terms of the effects of income, attitudes and familiarity on WTP. Income elasticities of WTP are below 1 for all countries, ranging between 0.1 and 0.5. Attitudes and personal experience of eutrophication are important determinants of WTP, but the specific effects differ between countries. The findings can be used in economic analyses for the European Union (EU) Marine Strategy Framework Directive and to justify additional eutrophication reduction measures in the Baltic Sea.
AB - This paper presents the results of an internationally coordinated contingent valuation study on the benefits of reducing marine eutrophication in the Baltic Sea according to current policy targets. With over 10,500 respondents from the nine coastal states around the sea, we examine public willingness to pay (WTP) for reduced eutrophication and its determinants. There are considerable differences in mean WTP between countries, with Swedes being willing to pay the most and Latvians the least. The aggregate annual WTP is approximately €3600 million. In addition, we find that countries are heterogeneous in terms of the effects of income, attitudes and familiarity on WTP. Income elasticities of WTP are below 1 for all countries, ranging between 0.1 and 0.5. Attitudes and personal experience of eutrophication are important determinants of WTP, but the specific effects differ between countries. The findings can be used in economic analyses for the European Union (EU) Marine Strategy Framework Directive and to justify additional eutrophication reduction measures in the Baltic Sea.
U2 - 10.1080/21606544.2014.901923
DO - 10.1080/21606544.2014.901923
M3 - Journal article
SN - 2160-6544
VL - 3
SP - 278
EP - 305
JO - Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
JF - Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
IS - 3
ER -