Association between smoking status assessed with plasma-cotinine and inflammatory and endothelial biomarkers in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals

TY - JOUR

T1 - Association between smoking status assessed with plasma-cotinine and inflammatory and endothelial biomarkers in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals

AU - Ahlström, M G

AU - Knudsen, A

AU - Ullum, H

AU - Gerstoft, J

AU - Kjaer, A

AU - Lebech, A-M

AU - Hasbak, P

AU - Obel, N

N1 - © 2018 British HIV Association.

PY - 2018/11

Y1 - 2018/11

N2 - OBJECTIVES: Smoking is a major contributor to mortality and morbidity in HIV-positive individuals. Our primary objective was to evaluate the association between smoking status determined by plasma cotinine (P-cotinine) concentration and inflammatory and endothelial biomarkers in HIV-positive versus HIV-negative individuals.METHODS: We studied eight inflammatory/endothelial biomarkers [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), E-selectin, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tissue type plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (tPAI) and endothelin] in 105 HIV-positive individuals and 105 HIV-negative individuals matched on age, sex and self-reported smoking status. Smoking status was determined using P-cotinine (a concentration > 14 ng/mL was defined as demonstrating exposure to smoke). We used linear regression models to (1) examine the association between smoking status and inflammatory/endothelial biomarkers in HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative individuals, and (2) to determine whether there was evidence to suggest that the impact of smoking status on the biomarkers differed between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals.RESULTS: Of the eight biomarkers, smokers had increased hsCRP, sICAM-1 and MMP-9 concentrations irrespective of HIV status and increasing P-cotinine concentration was associated with increasing hsCRP concentration. We found no interaction between smoking and HIV status. HIV infection was associated with increased hsCRP, E-selectin, sVCAM-1, sICAM-1 and MMP-9 concentrations. Self-reported smoking status differed substantially from smoking status assessed with P-cotinine.CONCLUSIONS: Several biomarkers were associated with smoking status and HIV status. However, our data do not indicate that the effects of smoking on the biomarkers differ between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals.

AB - OBJECTIVES: Smoking is a major contributor to mortality and morbidity in HIV-positive individuals. Our primary objective was to evaluate the association between smoking status determined by plasma cotinine (P-cotinine) concentration and inflammatory and endothelial biomarkers in HIV-positive versus HIV-negative individuals.METHODS: We studied eight inflammatory/endothelial biomarkers [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), E-selectin, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tissue type plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (tPAI) and endothelin] in 105 HIV-positive individuals and 105 HIV-negative individuals matched on age, sex and self-reported smoking status. Smoking status was determined using P-cotinine (a concentration > 14 ng/mL was defined as demonstrating exposure to smoke). We used linear regression models to (1) examine the association between smoking status and inflammatory/endothelial biomarkers in HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative individuals, and (2) to determine whether there was evidence to suggest that the impact of smoking status on the biomarkers differed between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals.RESULTS: Of the eight biomarkers, smokers had increased hsCRP, sICAM-1 and MMP-9 concentrations irrespective of HIV status and increasing P-cotinine concentration was associated with increasing hsCRP concentration. We found no interaction between smoking and HIV status. HIV infection was associated with increased hsCRP, E-selectin, sVCAM-1, sICAM-1 and MMP-9 concentrations. Self-reported smoking status differed substantially from smoking status assessed with P-cotinine.CONCLUSIONS: Several biomarkers were associated with smoking status and HIV status. However, our data do not indicate that the effects of smoking on the biomarkers differ between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals.

KW - cotinine

KW - endothelial function

KW - HIV

KW - Inflammation

KW - Smoking

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85050451417&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1111/hiv.12647

DO - 10.1111/hiv.12647

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 29984882

SN - 1464-2662

VL - 19

SP - 679

EP - 687

JO - HIV Medicine

JF - HIV Medicine

IS - 10

ER -