Association between Mediterranean and Nordic diet scores and changes in weight and waist circumference: influence of FTO and TCF₇L2 loci

TY - JOUR

T1 - Association between Mediterranean and Nordic diet scores and changes in weight and waist circumference

T2 - influence of FTO and TCF7L2 loci

AU - Roswall, Nina

AU - Ängquist, Lars

AU - Ahluwalia, Tarun Veer Singh

AU - Romaguera, Dora

AU - Larsen, Sofus C

AU - Østergaard, Jane N

AU - Halkjaer, Jytte

AU - Vimaleswaran, Karani S

AU - Wareham, Nicolas J

AU - Bendinelli, Benedetta

AU - Palli, Domenico

AU - Boer, Jolanda M A

AU - van der A, Daphne L

AU - Boeing, Heiner

AU - Loos, Ruth J F

AU - Sørensen, Thorkild I A

AU - Tjønneland, Anne

N1 - © 2014 American Society for Nutrition.

PY - 2014/10/1

Y1 - 2014/10/1

N2 - BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that adherence to the Mediterranean Diet measured by using the Mediterranean diet score (MDS) is associated with lower obesity risk. The newly proposed Nordic Diet could hold similar beneficial effects. Because of the increasing focus on the interaction between diet and genetic predisposition to adiposity, studies should consider both diet and genetics.OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether FTO rs9939609 and TCF7L2 rs7903146 modified the association between the MDS and Nordic diet score (NDS) and changes in weight (Δweight), waist circumference (ΔWC), and waist circumference adjusted for body mass index (BMI) (ΔWCBMI).DESIGN: We conducted a case-cohort study with a median follow-up of 6.8 y that included 11,048 participants from 5 European countries; 5552 of these subjects were cases defined as individuals with the greatest degree of unexplained weight gain during follow-up. A randomly selected subcohort included 6548 participants, including 5496 noncases. Cases and noncases were compared in analyses by using logistic regression. Continuous traits (ie, Δweight, ΔWC, and ΔWCBMI) were analyzed by using linear regression models in the random subcohort. Interactions were tested by including interaction terms in models.RESULTS: A higher MDS was significantly inversely associated with case status (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.00), ΔWC (β = -0.010 cm/y; 95% CI: -0.020, -0.001 cm/y), and ΔWCBMI (β = -0.008; 95% CI:-0.015, -0.001) per 1-point increment but not Δweight (P = 0.53). The NDS was not significantly associated with any outcome. There was a borderline significant interaction between the MDS and TCF7L2 rs7903146 on weight gain (P = 0.05), which suggested a beneficial effect of the MDS only in subjects who carried 1 or 2 risk alleles. FTO did not modify observed associations.CONCLUSIONS: A high MDS is associated with a lower ΔWC and ΔWCBMI, regardless of FTO and TCF7L2 risk alleles. For Δweight, findings were less clear, but the effect may depend on the TCF7L2 rs7903146 variant. The NDS was not associated with anthropometric changes during follow-up.

AB - BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that adherence to the Mediterranean Diet measured by using the Mediterranean diet score (MDS) is associated with lower obesity risk. The newly proposed Nordic Diet could hold similar beneficial effects. Because of the increasing focus on the interaction between diet and genetic predisposition to adiposity, studies should consider both diet and genetics.OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether FTO rs9939609 and TCF7L2 rs7903146 modified the association between the MDS and Nordic diet score (NDS) and changes in weight (Δweight), waist circumference (ΔWC), and waist circumference adjusted for body mass index (BMI) (ΔWCBMI).DESIGN: We conducted a case-cohort study with a median follow-up of 6.8 y that included 11,048 participants from 5 European countries; 5552 of these subjects were cases defined as individuals with the greatest degree of unexplained weight gain during follow-up. A randomly selected subcohort included 6548 participants, including 5496 noncases. Cases and noncases were compared in analyses by using logistic regression. Continuous traits (ie, Δweight, ΔWC, and ΔWCBMI) were analyzed by using linear regression models in the random subcohort. Interactions were tested by including interaction terms in models.RESULTS: A higher MDS was significantly inversely associated with case status (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.00), ΔWC (β = -0.010 cm/y; 95% CI: -0.020, -0.001 cm/y), and ΔWCBMI (β = -0.008; 95% CI:-0.015, -0.001) per 1-point increment but not Δweight (P = 0.53). The NDS was not significantly associated with any outcome. There was a borderline significant interaction between the MDS and TCF7L2 rs7903146 on weight gain (P = 0.05), which suggested a beneficial effect of the MDS only in subjects who carried 1 or 2 risk alleles. FTO did not modify observed associations.CONCLUSIONS: A high MDS is associated with a lower ΔWC and ΔWCBMI, regardless of FTO and TCF7L2 risk alleles. For Δweight, findings were less clear, but the effect may depend on the TCF7L2 rs7903146 variant. The NDS was not associated with anthropometric changes during follow-up.

KW - Adiposity

KW - Adult

KW - Alleles

KW - Body Mass Index

KW - Diet

KW - Diet, Mediterranean

KW - Europe

KW - Female

KW - Follow-Up Studies

KW - Genetic Loci

KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease

KW - Humans

KW - Linear Models

KW - Linkage Disequilibrium

KW - Male

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Obesity

KW - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

KW - Prospective Studies

KW - Proteins

KW - Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein

KW - Waist Circumference

KW - Weight Gain

U2 - 10.3945/ajcn.114.089706

DO - 10.3945/ajcn.114.089706

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 25099543

SN - 0002-9165

VL - 100

SP - 1188

EP - 1197

JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

IS - 4

ER -