TY - JOUR
T1 - Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommendations and risk of in situ breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort
AU - Karavasiloglou, Nena
AU - Huesing, Anika
AU - Masala, Giovanna
AU - van Gils, Carla H.
AU - Turzanski Fortner, Renee
AU - Chang-Claude, Jenny
AU - Huybrechts, Inge
AU - Weiderpass, Elisabete
AU - Gunter, Marc
AU - Arveux, Patrick
AU - Fournier, Agnes
AU - Kvaskoff, Marina
AU - Tjonneland, Anne
AU - Kyro, Cecilie
AU - Dahm, Christina C.
AU - Vistisen, Helene Tilma
AU - Bakker, Marije F.
AU - Sanchez, Maria-Jose
AU - Chirlaque Lopez, Maria Dolores
AU - Santiuste, Carmen
AU - Ardanaz, Eva
AU - Menendez, Virginia
AU - Agudo, Antonio
AU - Trichopoulou, Antonia
AU - Karakatsani, Anna
AU - La Vecchia, Carlo
AU - Peppa, Eleni
AU - Palli, Domenico
AU - Agnoli, Claudia
AU - Panico, Salvatore
AU - Tumino, Rosario
AU - Sacerdote, Carlotta
AU - Butt, Salma Tuna
AU - Borgquist, Signe
AU - Skeie, Guri
AU - Schulze, Matthias
AU - Key, Timothy
AU - Khaw, Kay-Tee
AU - Tsilidis, Kostantinos K.
AU - Ellingjord-Dale, Merete
AU - Riboli, Elio
AU - Kaaks, Rudolf
AU - Dossus, Laure
AU - Rohrmann, Sabine
AU - Kuehn, Tilman
PY - 2019/12/2
Y1 - 2019/12/2
N2 - Background: Even though in situ breast cancer (BCIS) accounts for a large proportion of the breast cancers diagnosed, few studies have investigated potential risk factors for BCIS. Their results suggest that some established risk factors for invasive breast cancer have a similar impact on BCIS risk, but large population-based studies on lifestyle factors and BCIS risk are lacking. Thus, we investigated the association between lifestyle and BCIS risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Methods: Lifestyle was operationalized by a score reflecting the adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations. The recommendations utilized in these analyses were the ones pertinent to healthy body weight, physical activity, consumption of plant-based foods, energy-dense foods, red and processed meat, and sugary drinks and alcohol, as well as the recommendation on breastfeeding. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the association between lifestyle score and BCIS risk. The results were presented as hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: After an overall median follow-up time of 14.9 years, 1277 BCIS cases were diagnosed. Greater adherence to the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations was not associated with BCIS risk (HR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.93-1.03; per one unit of increase; multivariable model). An inverse association between the lifestyle score and BCIS risk was observed in study centers, where participants were recruited mainly via mammographic screening and attended additional screening throughout follow-up (HR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.73-0.99), but not in the remaining ones (HR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.94-1.05). Conclusions: While we did not observe an overall association between lifestyle and BCIS risk, our results indicate that lifestyle is associated with BCIS risk among women recruited via screening programs and with regular screening participation. This suggests that a true inverse association between lifestyle habits and BCIS risk in the overall cohort may have been masked by a lack of information on screening attendance. The potential inverse association between lifestyle and BCIS risk in our analyses is consistent with the inverse associations between lifestyle scores and breast cancer risk reported from previous studies.
AB - Background: Even though in situ breast cancer (BCIS) accounts for a large proportion of the breast cancers diagnosed, few studies have investigated potential risk factors for BCIS. Their results suggest that some established risk factors for invasive breast cancer have a similar impact on BCIS risk, but large population-based studies on lifestyle factors and BCIS risk are lacking. Thus, we investigated the association between lifestyle and BCIS risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Methods: Lifestyle was operationalized by a score reflecting the adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations. The recommendations utilized in these analyses were the ones pertinent to healthy body weight, physical activity, consumption of plant-based foods, energy-dense foods, red and processed meat, and sugary drinks and alcohol, as well as the recommendation on breastfeeding. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the association between lifestyle score and BCIS risk. The results were presented as hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: After an overall median follow-up time of 14.9 years, 1277 BCIS cases were diagnosed. Greater adherence to the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations was not associated with BCIS risk (HR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.93-1.03; per one unit of increase; multivariable model). An inverse association between the lifestyle score and BCIS risk was observed in study centers, where participants were recruited mainly via mammographic screening and attended additional screening throughout follow-up (HR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.73-0.99), but not in the remaining ones (HR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.94-1.05). Conclusions: While we did not observe an overall association between lifestyle and BCIS risk, our results indicate that lifestyle is associated with BCIS risk among women recruited via screening programs and with regular screening participation. This suggests that a true inverse association between lifestyle habits and BCIS risk in the overall cohort may have been masked by a lack of information on screening attendance. The potential inverse association between lifestyle and BCIS risk in our analyses is consistent with the inverse associations between lifestyle scores and breast cancer risk reported from previous studies.
KW - In situ breast cancer
KW - Cohort
KW - Lifestyle
KW - Prevention
KW - Lifestyle Score
U2 - 10.1186/s12916-019-1444-0
DO - 10.1186/s12916-019-1444-0
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 31787099
SN - 1741-7015
VL - 17
JO - BMC Medicine
JF - BMC Medicine
IS - 1
M1 - 221
ER -