The net biome production of full crop rotations in Europe

Werner   Kutsch; M. Aubinet; N Buchmann; P. Smith; B. Osborne; W. Eugster; M. Wattenbach; M. Schrumpf; E.D. Schulze; E. Tommelleri; E. Ceschia; C. Bernhofer; P. Béziat; A. Carrara; P. Di Tommasi; T. Grünwald; M. Jones; V. Magliulo; O. Marloie; C. Moureaux; A. Olioso; M.J. Sanz; M. Saunders; Henrik Søgaard; W. Ziegler

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.016

The net biome production of full crop rotations in Europe

Werner Kutsch, M. Aubinet, N Buchmann, P. Smith, B. Osborne, W. Eugster, M. Wattenbach, M. Schrumpf, E.D. Schulze, E. Tommelleri, E. Ceschia, C. Bernhofer, P. Béziat, A. Carrara, P. Di Tommasi, T. Grünwald, M. Jones, V. Magliulo, O. Marloie, C. MoureauxA. Olioso, M.J. Sanz, M. Saunders, Henrik Søgaard, W. Ziegler

Geology

114 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Data sets of biometeorological measurements of ecosystem CO₂ flux, combined with harvest and manure data from several European cropland were integrated to provide an assessment of the carbon budget. Sites encompassed different climatic regions and contrasting crop rotations. The influence of different crops and management practices was also assessed to identify some of the major factors contributing to the cropland carbon balance. Since crops are rotated and cropping periods do not always follow the calendar year, net ecosystem production (NEP) as well as net biome production (NBP) sums of full crop rotations or of at least 4 years of longer-term crop rotations and of monocultures were used. In a second analysis NBP sums were correlated to soil properties. Finally, the data were combined with additional data to derive a mean annual GHG balance for the European cropland sites under consideration. Five crop rotations and two monocultures were integrated over 4 years. During 4 years the average annual NEP was -240±113gCm^-2y^-1. On average, 382±117gCm^-2y^-1 were harvested, where as average carbon inputs by manure and seeding was 47±51gCm^-2 y^-1. The average NBP of the seven sites under consideration was estimated to be a carbon loss of 95±87gCm^-2y^-1. The full GHG balance of the considered sites was estimated to be 160gCm^-2y^-1 in CO₂-equivalents. These results challenge current good practice guidelines that predict neutral carbon budgets for systems where the inputs of manure and crop residues are of comparable magnitude to those associated with the sites examined in this study. Ongoing humus loss in spite of good practice is mainly related to soils with high carbon concentrations which are not in equilibrium but may also be a result of already ongoing climate change. A modification in the good practice guidelines to increase carbon inputs may be required. Results from a representativeness analysis suggest that more than 50 sites are necessary for a European cropland flux network to adequately represent the variability of climate, soil and management within the European continent. Thus, the uncertainties due to the network design are currently bigger than the uncertainty intrinsic in the measurement method.

Original language	English
Journal	Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment
Volume	139
Pages (from-to)	336-345
Number of pages	20
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.016
Publication status	Published - 15 Nov 2010

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Kutsch, W., Aubinet, M., Buchmann, N., Smith, P., Osborne, B., Eugster, W., Wattenbach, M., Schrumpf, M., Schulze, E. D., Tommelleri, E., Ceschia, E., Bernhofer, C., Béziat, P., Carrara, A., Di Tommasi, P., Grünwald, T., Jones, M., Magliulo, V., Marloie, O., ... Ziegler, W. (2010). The net biome production of full crop rotations in Europe. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 139, 336-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.016

Kutsch, W, Aubinet, M, Buchmann, N, Smith, P, Osborne, B, Eugster, W, Wattenbach, M, Schrumpf, M, Schulze, ED, Tommelleri, E, Ceschia, E, Bernhofer, C, Béziat, P, Carrara, A, Di Tommasi, P, Grünwald, T, Jones, M, Magliulo, V, Marloie, O, Moureaux, C, Olioso, A, Sanz, MJ, Saunders, M, Søgaard, H & Ziegler, W 2010, 'The net biome production of full crop rotations in Europe', Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, vol. 139, pp. 336-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.016

@article{22f860e5ee444f4c96ffda33fc1c78b9,

title = "The net biome production of full crop rotations in Europe",

abstract = "Data sets of biometeorological measurements of ecosystem CO2 flux, combined with harvest and manure data from several European cropland were integrated to provide an assessment of the carbon budget. Sites encompassed different climatic regions and contrasting crop rotations. The influence of different crops and management practices was also assessed to identify some of the major factors contributing to the cropland carbon balance. Since crops are rotated and cropping periods do not always follow the calendar year, net ecosystem production (NEP) as well as net biome production (NBP) sums of full crop rotations or of at least 4 years of longer-term crop rotations and of monocultures were used. In a second analysis NBP sums were correlated to soil properties. Finally, the data were combined with additional data to derive a mean annual GHG balance for the European cropland sites under consideration. Five crop rotations and two monocultures were integrated over 4 years. During 4 years the average annual NEP was -240±113gCm-2y-1. On average, 382±117gCm-2y-1 were harvested, where as average carbon inputs by manure and seeding was 47±51gCm-2 y-1. The average NBP of the seven sites under consideration was estimated to be a carbon loss of 95±87gCm-2y-1. The full GHG balance of the considered sites was estimated to be 160gCm-2y-1 in CO2-equivalents. These results challenge current good practice guidelines that predict neutral carbon budgets for systems where the inputs of manure and crop residues are of comparable magnitude to those associated with the sites examined in this study. Ongoing humus loss in spite of good practice is mainly related to soils with high carbon concentrations which are not in equilibrium but may also be a result of already ongoing climate change. A modification in the good practice guidelines to increase carbon inputs may be required. Results from a representativeness analysis suggest that more than 50 sites are necessary for a European cropland flux network to adequately represent the variability of climate, soil and management within the European continent. Thus, the uncertainties due to the network design are currently bigger than the uncertainty intrinsic in the measurement method.",

author = "Werner Kutsch and M. Aubinet and N Buchmann and P. Smith and B. Osborne and W. Eugster and M. Wattenbach and M. Schrumpf and E.D. Schulze and E. Tommelleri and E. Ceschia and C. Bernhofer and P. B{\'e}ziat and A. Carrara and {Di Tommasi}, P. and T. Gr{\"u}nwald and M. Jones and V. Magliulo and O. Marloie and C. Moureaux and A. Olioso and M.J. Sanz and M. Saunders and Henrik S{\o}gaard and W. Ziegler",

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doi = "10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.016",

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T1 - The net biome production of full crop rotations in Europe

AU - Kutsch, Werner

AU - Aubinet, M.

AU - Buchmann, N

AU - Smith, P.

AU - Osborne, B.

AU - Eugster, W.

AU - Wattenbach, M.

AU - Schrumpf, M.

AU - Schulze, E.D.

AU - Tommelleri, E.

AU - Ceschia, E.

AU - Bernhofer, C.

AU - Béziat, P.

AU - Carrara, A.

AU - Di Tommasi, P.

AU - Grünwald, T.

AU - Jones, M.

AU - Magliulo, V.

AU - Marloie, O.

AU - Moureaux, C.

AU - Olioso, A.

AU - Sanz, M.J.

AU - Saunders, M.

AU - Søgaard, Henrik

AU - Ziegler, W.

PY - 2010/11/15

Y1 - 2010/11/15

N2 - Data sets of biometeorological measurements of ecosystem CO2 flux, combined with harvest and manure data from several European cropland were integrated to provide an assessment of the carbon budget. Sites encompassed different climatic regions and contrasting crop rotations. The influence of different crops and management practices was also assessed to identify some of the major factors contributing to the cropland carbon balance. Since crops are rotated and cropping periods do not always follow the calendar year, net ecosystem production (NEP) as well as net biome production (NBP) sums of full crop rotations or of at least 4 years of longer-term crop rotations and of monocultures were used. In a second analysis NBP sums were correlated to soil properties. Finally, the data were combined with additional data to derive a mean annual GHG balance for the European cropland sites under consideration. Five crop rotations and two monocultures were integrated over 4 years. During 4 years the average annual NEP was -240±113gCm-2y-1. On average, 382±117gCm-2y-1 were harvested, where as average carbon inputs by manure and seeding was 47±51gCm-2 y-1. The average NBP of the seven sites under consideration was estimated to be a carbon loss of 95±87gCm-2y-1. The full GHG balance of the considered sites was estimated to be 160gCm-2y-1 in CO2-equivalents. These results challenge current good practice guidelines that predict neutral carbon budgets for systems where the inputs of manure and crop residues are of comparable magnitude to those associated with the sites examined in this study. Ongoing humus loss in spite of good practice is mainly related to soils with high carbon concentrations which are not in equilibrium but may also be a result of already ongoing climate change. A modification in the good practice guidelines to increase carbon inputs may be required. Results from a representativeness analysis suggest that more than 50 sites are necessary for a European cropland flux network to adequately represent the variability of climate, soil and management within the European continent. Thus, the uncertainties due to the network design are currently bigger than the uncertainty intrinsic in the measurement method.

AB - Data sets of biometeorological measurements of ecosystem CO2 flux, combined with harvest and manure data from several European cropland were integrated to provide an assessment of the carbon budget. Sites encompassed different climatic regions and contrasting crop rotations. The influence of different crops and management practices was also assessed to identify some of the major factors contributing to the cropland carbon balance. Since crops are rotated and cropping periods do not always follow the calendar year, net ecosystem production (NEP) as well as net biome production (NBP) sums of full crop rotations or of at least 4 years of longer-term crop rotations and of monocultures were used. In a second analysis NBP sums were correlated to soil properties. Finally, the data were combined with additional data to derive a mean annual GHG balance for the European cropland sites under consideration. Five crop rotations and two monocultures were integrated over 4 years. During 4 years the average annual NEP was -240±113gCm-2y-1. On average, 382±117gCm-2y-1 were harvested, where as average carbon inputs by manure and seeding was 47±51gCm-2 y-1. The average NBP of the seven sites under consideration was estimated to be a carbon loss of 95±87gCm-2y-1. The full GHG balance of the considered sites was estimated to be 160gCm-2y-1 in CO2-equivalents. These results challenge current good practice guidelines that predict neutral carbon budgets for systems where the inputs of manure and crop residues are of comparable magnitude to those associated with the sites examined in this study. Ongoing humus loss in spite of good practice is mainly related to soils with high carbon concentrations which are not in equilibrium but may also be a result of already ongoing climate change. A modification in the good practice guidelines to increase carbon inputs may be required. Results from a representativeness analysis suggest that more than 50 sites are necessary for a European cropland flux network to adequately represent the variability of climate, soil and management within the European continent. Thus, the uncertainties due to the network design are currently bigger than the uncertainty intrinsic in the measurement method.

U2 - 10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.016

DO - 10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.016

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0167-8809

VL - 139

SP - 336

EP - 345

JO - Agro-Ecosystems

JF - Agro-Ecosystems

ER -

The net biome production of full crop rotations in Europe

Abstract

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