The effects of free-living interval-walking training on glycemic control, body composition, and physical fitness in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, controlled trial

TY - JOUR

T1 - The effects of free-living interval-walking training on glycemic control, body composition, and physical fitness in type 2 diabetic patients

T2 - a randomized, controlled trial

AU - Karstoft, Kristian

AU - Winding, Kamilla

AU - Knudsen, Sine H

AU - Nielsen, Jens S

AU - Thomsen, Carsten

AU - Pedersen, Bente K

AU - Solomon, Thomas

PY - 2013/2

Y1 - 2013/2

N2 - OBJECTIVE-To evaluate the feasibility of free-living walking training in type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the effects of interval-walking training versus continuous-walking training upon physical fitness, body composition, and glycemic control. RESEARCHDESIGN ANDMETHODS- Subjectswithtype2diabetes wererandomized to a control (n = 8), continuous-walking (n = 12), or interval-walking group (n = 12). Training groups were prescribed five sessions per week (60 min/session) and were controlled with an accelerometer and a heart-rate monitor. Continuous walkers performed all training at moderate intensity, whereas interval walkers alternated 3-min repetitions at low and high intensity. Before and after the 4-month intervention, the following variables were measured: VO2max, body composition, and glycemic control (fasting glucose, HbA1c, oral glucose tolerance test, and continuous glucose monitoring [CGM]). RESULTS-Training adherence was high (89 ± 4%), and training energy expenditure and mean intensity were comparable. VO2max increased 16.1 ± 3.7% in the interval-walking group (P, 0.05),whereas no changes were observedin the continuous-walking or control group. Body mass and adiposity (fat mass and visceral fat) decreased in the interval-walking group only (P < 0.05). Glycemic control (elevated mean CGM glucose levels and increased fasting insulin) worsened in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas mean (P = 0.05) and maximum (P < 0.05) CGM glucose levels decreased in the interval-walking group. The continuous walkers showed no changes in glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS-Free-living walking training is feasible in type 2 diabetic patients. Continuous walking offsets the deterioration in glycemia seen in the control group, and interval walking is superior to energy expenditure-matched continuous walking for improving physical fitness, body composition, and glycemic control.

AB - OBJECTIVE-To evaluate the feasibility of free-living walking training in type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the effects of interval-walking training versus continuous-walking training upon physical fitness, body composition, and glycemic control. RESEARCHDESIGN ANDMETHODS- Subjectswithtype2diabetes wererandomized to a control (n = 8), continuous-walking (n = 12), or interval-walking group (n = 12). Training groups were prescribed five sessions per week (60 min/session) and were controlled with an accelerometer and a heart-rate monitor. Continuous walkers performed all training at moderate intensity, whereas interval walkers alternated 3-min repetitions at low and high intensity. Before and after the 4-month intervention, the following variables were measured: VO2max, body composition, and glycemic control (fasting glucose, HbA1c, oral glucose tolerance test, and continuous glucose monitoring [CGM]). RESULTS-Training adherence was high (89 ± 4%), and training energy expenditure and mean intensity were comparable. VO2max increased 16.1 ± 3.7% in the interval-walking group (P, 0.05),whereas no changes were observedin the continuous-walking or control group. Body mass and adiposity (fat mass and visceral fat) decreased in the interval-walking group only (P < 0.05). Glycemic control (elevated mean CGM glucose levels and increased fasting insulin) worsened in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas mean (P = 0.05) and maximum (P < 0.05) CGM glucose levels decreased in the interval-walking group. The continuous walkers showed no changes in glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS-Free-living walking training is feasible in type 2 diabetic patients. Continuous walking offsets the deterioration in glycemia seen in the control group, and interval walking is superior to energy expenditure-matched continuous walking for improving physical fitness, body composition, and glycemic control.

KW - Blood Glucose

KW - Blood Pressure

KW - Body Composition

KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

KW - Energy Intake

KW - Energy Metabolism

KW - Exercise

KW - Exercise Therapy

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Physical Fitness

KW - Walking

U2 - 10.2337/dc12-0658

DO - 10.2337/dc12-0658

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 23002086

SN - 0149-5992

VL - 36

SP - 228

EP - 236

JO - Diabetes Care

JF - Diabetes Care

IS - 2

ER -