The cost of hovering and forward flight in a nectar-feeding bat, Glossophaga soricina, estimated from aerodynamic theory.

Agriculture & Biology

• Glossophaga 92%
• nectar feeding 79%
• aerodynamics 72%
• Chiroptera 54%
• flight 48%
• energy requirements 17%
• anemometers 12%
• Phyllostomidae 11%
• cost estimates 10%
• kinematics 9%
• energy expenditure 8%
• nectar 8%
• wire 8%
• parasites 5%
• air 5%
• animals 3%
• methodology 2%

Medicine & Life Sciences

• Plant Nectar 100%
• Chiroptera 74%
• Animal Flight 54%
• Costs and Cost Analysis 35%
• Biomechanical Phenomena 27%
• Energy Metabolism 26%
• Parasites 23%
• Air 23%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• nectar 86%
• bat 67%
• aerodynamics 55%
• flight 48%
• cost 29%
• speed 10%
• anemometer 9%
• expenditure 8%
• parasite 8%
• kinematics 6%
• animal 5%
• air 4%
• energy 4%
• comparison 3%
• method 1%