Probing the evolution of infrared properties of z ∼ 6 quasars: Spitzer observations

Linhua Jiang; Xiaohui Fan; Dean C. Hines; Yong Shi; Marianne Vestergaard; Frank Bertoldi; W. N. Brandt; Chris L. Carilli; Pierre Cox; Emeric Le Floc'h; Laura Pentericci; Gordon T. Richards; George H. Rieke; Donald P. Schneider; Michael A. Strauss; Fabian Walter; J. Brinkmann

doi:10.1086/508209

Probing the evolution of infrared properties of z ∼ 6 quasars: Spitzer observations

Linhua Jiang^*, Xiaohui Fan, Dean C. Hines, Yong Shi, Marianne Vestergaard, Frank Bertoldi, W. N. Brandt, Chris L. Carilli, Pierre Cox, Emeric Le Floc'h, Laura Pentericci, Gordon T. Richards, George H. Rieke, Donald P. Schneider, Michael A. Strauss, Fabian Walter, J. Brinkmann

^*Corresponding author for this work

96 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We present Spitzer observations of 13 z ∼ 6 quasars using the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) and Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS). All the quasars except SDSS J000552.34-000655.8 (SDSS J0005-0006) were detected with high signal-to-noise ratio in the four IRAC channels and the MIPS 24 μm band, while SDSS J0005-0006 was marginally detected in the IRAC 8.0 μm band and not detected in the MIPS 24 μm band. We find that most of these quasars have prominent emission from hot dust, as evidenced by the observed 24 μm fluxes. Their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are similar to those of low-redshift quasars at rest frame 0.15-3.5 μm, suggesting that accretion disks and hot-dust structures for these sources have already reached maturity. However, SDSS J0005-0006 has an unusual SED that lies significantly below low-redshift SED templates at rest frame 1 and 3.5 μm and thus shows a strong near-IR (NIR) deficit and no hot-dust emission. Type I quasars with extremely small NIR-to-optical flux ratios such as SDSS J0005-0006 are not found in low-redshift quasar samples, indicating that SDSS J0005-0006 has different dust properties at high redshift. We combine the Spitzer observations with X-ray, UV/optical, millimeter/submillimeter, and radio observations to determine bolometric luminosities for all the quasars. We find that the four quasars with central black hole mass measurements have Eddington ratios of order unity.

Original language	English
Journal	Astronomical Journal
Volume	132
Issue number	5
Pages (from-to)	2127-2134
Number of pages	8
ISSN	0004-6256
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1086/508209
Publication status	Published - 1 Nov 2006
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Galaxies: active
Infrared: galaxies
Quasars: general
Quasars: individual (SDSS J000552.34-000655.8)

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10.1086/508209

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Jiang, L., Fan, X., Hines, D. C., Shi, Y., Vestergaard, M., Bertoldi, F., Brandt, W. N., Carilli, C. L., Cox, P., Le Floc'h, E., Pentericci, L., Richards, G. T., Rieke, G. H., Schneider, D. P., Strauss, M. A., Walter, F., & Brinkmann, J. (2006). Probing the evolution of infrared properties of z ∼ 6 quasars: Spitzer observations. Astronomical Journal, 132(5), 2127-2134. https://doi.org/10.1086/508209

Jiang, L, Fan, X, Hines, DC, Shi, Y, Vestergaard, M, Bertoldi, F, Brandt, WN, Carilli, CL, Cox, P, Le Floc'h, E, Pentericci, L, Richards, GT, Rieke, GH, Schneider, DP, Strauss, MA, Walter, F & Brinkmann, J 2006, 'Probing the evolution of infrared properties of z ∼ 6 quasars: Spitzer observations', Astronomical Journal, vol. 132, no. 5, pp. 2127-2134. https://doi.org/10.1086/508209

@article{18900608b01d4de58d4bdb6e79b2a92b,

title = "Probing the evolution of infrared properties of z ∼ 6 quasars: Spitzer observations",

abstract = "We present Spitzer observations of 13 z ∼ 6 quasars using the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) and Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS). All the quasars except SDSS J000552.34-000655.8 (SDSS J0005-0006) were detected with high signal-to-noise ratio in the four IRAC channels and the MIPS 24 μm band, while SDSS J0005-0006 was marginally detected in the IRAC 8.0 μm band and not detected in the MIPS 24 μm band. We find that most of these quasars have prominent emission from hot dust, as evidenced by the observed 24 μm fluxes. Their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are similar to those of low-redshift quasars at rest frame 0.15-3.5 μm, suggesting that accretion disks and hot-dust structures for these sources have already reached maturity. However, SDSS J0005-0006 has an unusual SED that lies significantly below low-redshift SED templates at rest frame 1 and 3.5 μm and thus shows a strong near-IR (NIR) deficit and no hot-dust emission. Type I quasars with extremely small NIR-to-optical flux ratios such as SDSS J0005-0006 are not found in low-redshift quasar samples, indicating that SDSS J0005-0006 has different dust properties at high redshift. We combine the Spitzer observations with X-ray, UV/optical, millimeter/submillimeter, and radio observations to determine bolometric luminosities for all the quasars. We find that the four quasars with central black hole mass measurements have Eddington ratios of order unity.",

keywords = "Galaxies: active, Infrared: galaxies, Quasars: general, Quasars: individual (SDSS J000552.34-000655.8)",

author = "Linhua Jiang and Xiaohui Fan and Hines, {Dean C.} and Yong Shi and Marianne Vestergaard and Frank Bertoldi and Brandt, {W. N.} and Carilli, {Chris L.} and Pierre Cox and {Le Floc'h}, Emeric and Laura Pentericci and Richards, {Gordon T.} and Rieke, {George H.} and Schneider, {Donald P.} and Strauss, {Michael A.} and Fabian Walter and J. Brinkmann",

year = "2006",

month = nov,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1086/508209",

language = "English",

volume = "132",

pages = "2127--2134",

journal = "The Astronomical Journal",

issn = "0004-6256",

publisher = "Institute of Physics Publishing, Inc",

number = "5",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Probing the evolution of infrared properties of z ∼ 6 quasars

T2 - Spitzer observations

AU - Jiang, Linhua

AU - Fan, Xiaohui

AU - Hines, Dean C.

AU - Shi, Yong

AU - Vestergaard, Marianne

AU - Bertoldi, Frank

AU - Brandt, W. N.

AU - Carilli, Chris L.

AU - Cox, Pierre

AU - Le Floc'h, Emeric

AU - Pentericci, Laura

AU - Richards, Gordon T.

AU - Rieke, George H.

AU - Schneider, Donald P.

AU - Strauss, Michael A.

AU - Walter, Fabian

AU - Brinkmann, J.

PY - 2006/11/1

Y1 - 2006/11/1

N2 - We present Spitzer observations of 13 z ∼ 6 quasars using the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) and Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS). All the quasars except SDSS J000552.34-000655.8 (SDSS J0005-0006) were detected with high signal-to-noise ratio in the four IRAC channels and the MIPS 24 μm band, while SDSS J0005-0006 was marginally detected in the IRAC 8.0 μm band and not detected in the MIPS 24 μm band. We find that most of these quasars have prominent emission from hot dust, as evidenced by the observed 24 μm fluxes. Their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are similar to those of low-redshift quasars at rest frame 0.15-3.5 μm, suggesting that accretion disks and hot-dust structures for these sources have already reached maturity. However, SDSS J0005-0006 has an unusual SED that lies significantly below low-redshift SED templates at rest frame 1 and 3.5 μm and thus shows a strong near-IR (NIR) deficit and no hot-dust emission. Type I quasars with extremely small NIR-to-optical flux ratios such as SDSS J0005-0006 are not found in low-redshift quasar samples, indicating that SDSS J0005-0006 has different dust properties at high redshift. We combine the Spitzer observations with X-ray, UV/optical, millimeter/submillimeter, and radio observations to determine bolometric luminosities for all the quasars. We find that the four quasars with central black hole mass measurements have Eddington ratios of order unity.

AB - We present Spitzer observations of 13 z ∼ 6 quasars using the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) and Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS). All the quasars except SDSS J000552.34-000655.8 (SDSS J0005-0006) were detected with high signal-to-noise ratio in the four IRAC channels and the MIPS 24 μm band, while SDSS J0005-0006 was marginally detected in the IRAC 8.0 μm band and not detected in the MIPS 24 μm band. We find that most of these quasars have prominent emission from hot dust, as evidenced by the observed 24 μm fluxes. Their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are similar to those of low-redshift quasars at rest frame 0.15-3.5 μm, suggesting that accretion disks and hot-dust structures for these sources have already reached maturity. However, SDSS J0005-0006 has an unusual SED that lies significantly below low-redshift SED templates at rest frame 1 and 3.5 μm and thus shows a strong near-IR (NIR) deficit and no hot-dust emission. Type I quasars with extremely small NIR-to-optical flux ratios such as SDSS J0005-0006 are not found in low-redshift quasar samples, indicating that SDSS J0005-0006 has different dust properties at high redshift. We combine the Spitzer observations with X-ray, UV/optical, millimeter/submillimeter, and radio observations to determine bolometric luminosities for all the quasars. We find that the four quasars with central black hole mass measurements have Eddington ratios of order unity.

KW - Galaxies: active

KW - Infrared: galaxies

KW - Quasars: general

KW - Quasars: individual (SDSS J000552.34-000655.8)

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33845958876&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1086/508209

DO - 10.1086/508209

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:33845958876

SN - 0004-6256

VL - 132

SP - 2127

EP - 2134

JO - The Astronomical Journal

JF - The Astronomical Journal

IS - 5

ER -

Probing the evolution of infrared properties of z ∼ 6 quasars: Spitzer observations

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Keywords

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