Pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli have improved feed efficiency and indicators of inflammation with dietary supplementation of tryptophan and methionine in the immediate post-weaning period

Meeka M Capozzalo; Jae Cheol Kim; J.K. Htoo; Cornelis F.M. de Lange; Bruce Mullan; Christian Fink Hansen; Jan-Willem Resink; John Pluske

doi:10.1071/AN15289

Pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli have improved feed efficiency and indicators of inflammation with dietary supplementation of tryptophan and methionine in the immediate post-weaning period

Meeka M Capozzalo, Jae Cheol Kim, J.K. Htoo, Cornelis F.M. de Lange, Bruce Mullan, Christian Fink Hansen, Jan-Willem Resink, John Pluske

6 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

This experiment tested the hypothesis that pigs challenged with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli (ETEC) will improve performance by dietary supplementation of sulfur amino acids (SAA) and tryptophan (Trp) above the current recommended levels in the immediate post-weaning period. Male pigs (n ≤ 96) weighing 6.2 ± 0.78 kg (mean ± s.d.) and weaned at 21 days were stratified into one of four treatments based on weaning weight (n ≤ 24). Four diets were formulated [11.2 MJ NE/kg; 20.1% crude protein, 1.25% standardised ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys)] according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with two levels of SID SAA:Lys ratio (0.52 vs 0.60) and two levels of SID Trp: Lys ratio (0.16 vs 0.24). Diets did not contain any antimicrobial compounds. Pigs were individually housed and were fed diets for 14 days after weaning. Pigs were infected with ETEC (3.44 × 108 CFU/mL, serotype O149:K91:K88) on Days 5, 6, and 7 after weaning. Pigs were bled on Days 5, 8 and 14 and subsequently analysed for plasma levels of acute-phase proteins, urea, cytokines (Days 5 and 8 only) and amino acids (Days 5 and 8 only). Increasing Trp (P ≤ 0.036) and SAA (P ≤ 0.028) improved feed conversion ratio, and combined supplementation of SAA and Trp further improved FCR than individual supplementation of either SAA or Trp (P ≤ 0.092). Dietary treatments had no impact on the incidence of post-weaning diarrhoea (P > 0.05). Increasing SAA increased shedding of ETEC on Days 12 and 14 after weaning (P < 0.019). Increasing dietary Trp reduced the intensity of inflammation (as measured by APP Index ≤ [(C-reactive protein × PigMAP)/apolipoprotein A1]) immediately after infection with ETEC (P < 0.05), while increasing dietary SAA reduced the APP index on 24 h and 7 days after ETEC infection (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary SAA reduced plasma levels of interferon-gamma regardless of dietary Trp or day of sampling (P ≤ 0.043). Increasing dietary SAA decreased plasma urea (PU) levels on Days 5, 8 and 14 (P < 0.05). These data indicate that Trp supplementation reduced the intensity of inflammation and SAA supplementation decreased the pro-inflammatory interferon-gamma response and improved protein utilisation, as measured by PU, whereas supplementation with both Trp and SAA improved feed conversion ratio.

Original language	English
Journal	Animal Production Science
Volume	57
Issue number	5
Pages (from-to)	935–947
Number of pages	13
ISSN	1836-0939
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1071/AN15289
Publication status	Published - 2017

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Capozzalo, M. M., Kim, J. C., Htoo, J. K., de Lange, C. F. M., Mullan, B., Hansen, C. F., Resink, J-W., & Pluske, J. (2017). Pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli have improved feed efficiency and indicators of inflammation with dietary supplementation of tryptophan and methionine in the immediate post-weaning period. Animal Production Science, 57(5), 935–947. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN15289

Pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli have improved feed efficiency and indicators of inflammation with dietary supplementation of tryptophan and methionine in the immediate post-weaning period. / Capozzalo, Meeka M; Kim, Jae Cheol; Htoo, J.K. et al.

In: Animal Production Science, Vol. 57, No. 5, 2017, p. 935–947.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Capozzalo, MM, Kim, JC, Htoo, JK, de Lange, CFM, Mullan, B, Hansen, CF, Resink, J-W & Pluske, J 2017, 'Pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli have improved feed efficiency and indicators of inflammation with dietary supplementation of tryptophan and methionine in the immediate post-weaning period', Animal Production Science, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 935–947. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN15289

Capozzalo MM, Kim JC, Htoo JK, de Lange CFM, Mullan B, Hansen CF et al. Pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli have improved feed efficiency and indicators of inflammation with dietary supplementation of tryptophan and methionine in the immediate post-weaning period. Animal Production Science. 2017;57(5):935–947. doi: 10.1071/AN15289

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title = "Pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli have improved feed efficiency and indicators of inflammation with dietary supplementation of tryptophan and methionine in the immediate post-weaning period",

abstract = "This experiment tested the hypothesis that pigs challenged with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli (ETEC) will improve performance by dietary supplementation of sulfur amino acids (SAA) and tryptophan (Trp) above the current recommended levels in the immediate post-weaning period. Male pigs (n ≤ 96) weighing 6.2 ± 0.78 kg (mean ± s.d.) and weaned at 21 days were stratified into one of four treatments based on weaning weight (n ≤ 24). Four diets were formulated [11.2 MJ NE/kg; 20.1% crude protein, 1.25% standardised ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys)] according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with two levels of SID SAA:Lys ratio (0.52 vs 0.60) and two levels of SID Trp: Lys ratio (0.16 vs 0.24). Diets did not contain any antimicrobial compounds. Pigs were individually housed and were fed diets for 14 days after weaning. Pigs were infected with ETEC (3.44 × 108 CFU/mL, serotype O149:K91:K88) on Days 5, 6, and 7 after weaning. Pigs were bled on Days 5, 8 and 14 and subsequently analysed for plasma levels of acute-phase proteins, urea, cytokines (Days 5 and 8 only) and amino acids (Days 5 and 8 only). Increasing Trp (P ≤ 0.036) and SAA (P ≤ 0.028) improved feed conversion ratio, and combined supplementation of SAA and Trp further improved FCR than individual supplementation of either SAA or Trp (P ≤ 0.092). Dietary treatments had no impact on the incidence of post-weaning diarrhoea (P > 0.05). Increasing SAA increased shedding of ETEC on Days 12 and 14 after weaning (P < 0.019). Increasing dietary Trp reduced the intensity of inflammation (as measured by APP Index ≤ [(C-reactive protein × PigMAP)/apolipoprotein A1]) immediately after infection with ETEC (P < 0.05), while increasing dietary SAA reduced the APP index on 24 h and 7 days after ETEC infection (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary SAA reduced plasma levels of interferon-gamma regardless of dietary Trp or day of sampling (P ≤ 0.043). Increasing dietary SAA decreased plasma urea (PU) levels on Days 5, 8 and 14 (P < 0.05). These data indicate that Trp supplementation reduced the intensity of inflammation and SAA supplementation decreased the pro-inflammatory interferon-gamma response and improved protein utilisation, as measured by PU, whereas supplementation with both Trp and SAA improved feed conversion ratio.",

author = "Capozzalo, {Meeka M} and Kim, {Jae Cheol} and J.K. Htoo and {de Lange}, {Cornelis F.M.} and Bruce Mullan and Hansen, {Christian Fink} and Jan-Willem Resink and John Pluske",

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T1 - Pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli have improved feed efficiency and indicators of inflammation with dietary supplementation of tryptophan and methionine in the immediate post-weaning period

AU - Capozzalo, Meeka M

AU - Kim, Jae Cheol

AU - Htoo, J.K.

AU - de Lange, Cornelis F.M.

AU - Mullan, Bruce

AU - Hansen, Christian Fink

AU - Resink, Jan-Willem

AU - Pluske, John

PY - 2017

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N2 - This experiment tested the hypothesis that pigs challenged with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli (ETEC) will improve performance by dietary supplementation of sulfur amino acids (SAA) and tryptophan (Trp) above the current recommended levels in the immediate post-weaning period. Male pigs (n ≤ 96) weighing 6.2 ± 0.78 kg (mean ± s.d.) and weaned at 21 days were stratified into one of four treatments based on weaning weight (n ≤ 24). Four diets were formulated [11.2 MJ NE/kg; 20.1% crude protein, 1.25% standardised ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys)] according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with two levels of SID SAA:Lys ratio (0.52 vs 0.60) and two levels of SID Trp: Lys ratio (0.16 vs 0.24). Diets did not contain any antimicrobial compounds. Pigs were individually housed and were fed diets for 14 days after weaning. Pigs were infected with ETEC (3.44 × 108 CFU/mL, serotype O149:K91:K88) on Days 5, 6, and 7 after weaning. Pigs were bled on Days 5, 8 and 14 and subsequently analysed for plasma levels of acute-phase proteins, urea, cytokines (Days 5 and 8 only) and amino acids (Days 5 and 8 only). Increasing Trp (P ≤ 0.036) and SAA (P ≤ 0.028) improved feed conversion ratio, and combined supplementation of SAA and Trp further improved FCR than individual supplementation of either SAA or Trp (P ≤ 0.092). Dietary treatments had no impact on the incidence of post-weaning diarrhoea (P > 0.05). Increasing SAA increased shedding of ETEC on Days 12 and 14 after weaning (P < 0.019). Increasing dietary Trp reduced the intensity of inflammation (as measured by APP Index ≤ [(C-reactive protein × PigMAP)/apolipoprotein A1]) immediately after infection with ETEC (P < 0.05), while increasing dietary SAA reduced the APP index on 24 h and 7 days after ETEC infection (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary SAA reduced plasma levels of interferon-gamma regardless of dietary Trp or day of sampling (P ≤ 0.043). Increasing dietary SAA decreased plasma urea (PU) levels on Days 5, 8 and 14 (P < 0.05). These data indicate that Trp supplementation reduced the intensity of inflammation and SAA supplementation decreased the pro-inflammatory interferon-gamma response and improved protein utilisation, as measured by PU, whereas supplementation with both Trp and SAA improved feed conversion ratio.

AB - This experiment tested the hypothesis that pigs challenged with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli (ETEC) will improve performance by dietary supplementation of sulfur amino acids (SAA) and tryptophan (Trp) above the current recommended levels in the immediate post-weaning period. Male pigs (n ≤ 96) weighing 6.2 ± 0.78 kg (mean ± s.d.) and weaned at 21 days were stratified into one of four treatments based on weaning weight (n ≤ 24). Four diets were formulated [11.2 MJ NE/kg; 20.1% crude protein, 1.25% standardised ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys)] according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with two levels of SID SAA:Lys ratio (0.52 vs 0.60) and two levels of SID Trp: Lys ratio (0.16 vs 0.24). Diets did not contain any antimicrobial compounds. Pigs were individually housed and were fed diets for 14 days after weaning. Pigs were infected with ETEC (3.44 × 108 CFU/mL, serotype O149:K91:K88) on Days 5, 6, and 7 after weaning. Pigs were bled on Days 5, 8 and 14 and subsequently analysed for plasma levels of acute-phase proteins, urea, cytokines (Days 5 and 8 only) and amino acids (Days 5 and 8 only). Increasing Trp (P ≤ 0.036) and SAA (P ≤ 0.028) improved feed conversion ratio, and combined supplementation of SAA and Trp further improved FCR than individual supplementation of either SAA or Trp (P ≤ 0.092). Dietary treatments had no impact on the incidence of post-weaning diarrhoea (P > 0.05). Increasing SAA increased shedding of ETEC on Days 12 and 14 after weaning (P < 0.019). Increasing dietary Trp reduced the intensity of inflammation (as measured by APP Index ≤ [(C-reactive protein × PigMAP)/apolipoprotein A1]) immediately after infection with ETEC (P < 0.05), while increasing dietary SAA reduced the APP index on 24 h and 7 days after ETEC infection (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary SAA reduced plasma levels of interferon-gamma regardless of dietary Trp or day of sampling (P ≤ 0.043). Increasing dietary SAA decreased plasma urea (PU) levels on Days 5, 8 and 14 (P < 0.05). These data indicate that Trp supplementation reduced the intensity of inflammation and SAA supplementation decreased the pro-inflammatory interferon-gamma response and improved protein utilisation, as measured by PU, whereas supplementation with both Trp and SAA improved feed conversion ratio.

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DO - 10.1071/AN15289

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JO - Animal Production Science

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